§3 scientific Library t§

QOVBHNSfEMT FRINTINO OFFXOB

THE

INLAND PRINTER

The Leading Trade Journal of the World

in THE

Printing and Allied Industries

VOLUME 60

October, 1917, to March, 1918

CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.

The Inland Printer Company, Publishers

INDEX TO THE INLAND PRINTER

VOLUME 60.

OCTOBER, 1917, TO MARCH, 1918.

A PAGE

Accounting System in the Small Newspaper and Job-Printing Office, Simplifying

the (illustrated) . . . 189

Activities of the Government in Behalf of

Better Paper Supply (illustrated) . 371

Advertising Platemaking . 754

Advertising Service, How to Start a Produc¬ tive . 33

Air Brush for Artists, Engravers, Photog¬ raphers, Etc., New (illustrated) . 251

Allen, Henry, Suffers Serious Accident . 394

Allen, Lane & Scott, Philadelphia, Progress. 534 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror Workers Have Big

Time on Eighty-First Birthday of Boss. 394 American Institute of Graphic Arts, The. . . 533 American “ Jackies ” Take Their Printer

with Them . 398

American Press Association, Buys Plate

Business of . 105

American Pulley Company Issues an In¬ formative Booklet, The . 537

American Type Founders Company, Chicago

Branch of, in New Quarters . 670

American Type Founders Company, Port¬ land Branch, Moves into New Quarters. 393 Apprentice Px-oblems in West Africa (illus¬ trated) . 764

Art Director's Directions to Artists, An. . . . 532 Art Electrotype Foundry, Cleveland, Cele¬ brates Fifth Birthday . 250

Association of Printing Salesmen of Min¬ neapolis . 351

Attachment to Expedite Feeding Platen

Presses, A New . 251

Ault & Wiborg Company Now Produces All

Its Dyestuffs . 251

Australian Printing Field, Notes from the. 809

B

Backert, John C., New York City. An¬ nounces the “Junior Bull Dog” Trim¬ mer ( illustrated ) . 395

Baker, U. G., Buys Pennsylvania News¬ paper . 393

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler Bring Out a

Distinctive Type-Face . 537

Barnhart Brothers & Spindler Move Big

Plant . 816

Barrett, Walter W., Candidate for Re-elec¬ tion to I. T. U. Office . 815

Berger & Wirth an American Concern . 670

Bermingham & Seaman Company Now Sea¬ man Paper Company . 252

Boedicker Photo-Litho Machine, Expert Printers and Lithographers See Stere-

opticon Demonstration of . 812

Bookbinding :

Bookbinding . 83, 369

Book Cloth Cutting Gage . 84

Determine Number of Sheets to Be Folded in a Section for Patent-Back

Guards, To . 84

No Need of Wrapping Faint-Line Ruling- Pens When Only One Color of Ink

Is Used . 369

Roach-Proof Binding . 369

Roll Cloth Cutting Table . 84

Round Corner Lapper . 84

Stamping Ribbon . 83

Three-Knife Book-Trimmer . 370

Thumb-Index Cutter for Reference Books. 370

Titles on Law Books, Printing . 369

Trimming Heads and Tails of Blank

Books . 84

Book Review :

A Roman Alphabet and How to Use It.. . 247

Book Review . 246, 391, 531, 808

Caesar in Gaul . 531

“ Fundamentals of Cost and Profit Ac¬ counting ” . 808

Book Review — Continued: page

Lockwood's Directory for 1918 . 246

Newsboy Service . 246

Plate Printing and Die Stamping . 391

“ Printers' Insurance Protective Inven¬ tory System,” New Revised Edition.. 808

Printer’s Ready Reckoner . 391

Printing for Profit . 665

Printing for School and Shop . 531

The Art and Practice of Typography. . . . 246

The Compositor's Russian Primer . 391

The Distillation of Resins . 246

The Secret of Typewriting Speed . 531

"The 'Wellcome' Photographic Exposure

Record and Diary for 1918 " . 808

Women's Work in War Time . 391

Boyle, Daniel, Completes Fifty Years at

Printing . 814

Bradley, William Aspenwall, Now With

Yale University Press . 248

" Butler” Picnic, Second Annual . 108

C

Carnegie Institute Graphica, The . 813

Carrier Boy Problem. How One Newspaper

Has Solved the . 109

Cartoonist in Congress, A . 380

Central Division of Printing Teachers’ Or¬ ganization, New Secretary for . 669

Chalk Overlay Board, New York Firm to

Make . 249

Challenge Machinery Company Announces

New Press, The (illustrated) . 395

Challenge Machinery Company Elects New

Officers, The . 533

Chicago Paper Company, Sales Conference

of . 249

Chicago Paper Dealers Start Movement for

Conservation . 395

Collectanea Typographica :

And This Happened in America! . 759

Apology for Things That Are Past, An.. 487

Big Prices for Printing . 488

Collectanea Typographica . 487, 759

Dynasty of Wealthy Printers, A . 759

Money-Making Historian, A . 488

More Than Its Weight in Gold . 488

“ No Time to Read ” . 759

Youthful Printers and the Past . 488

Collins, A. M., Manufacturing Company.

Has New Offerings for the Printing- Trade . 397

Colored Inserts :

Caught in the Act . Facing page 233

Christmas . Facing page 321

Color as Applied to Catalogue Illustration,

The Use of . Facing page 753

Cover-Page of an Engraver’s House-

Organ . Facing page 481

Credit . Facing page 609

Demonstrating the Value of Color in Cata¬ logue Printing . Facing page 623

Iowa Magazine, Cover-Design of .

Facing page 769 “ Monarch of All I Survey ".Facing page 521 Old Gateway, Fort Washington Park,

New York City . Facing page 761

Photography in Cover-Design .

Facing page 649

Service — Pleasing Wall-Hanger by The Holmes Press, Philadelphia, Pennsyl¬ vania . Facing page 664

Seybold Machine Foundry, Pouring Off in

the . Facing page 793

Specimen of Color Printing Used in Ad¬ vertising Typewriters . . Facing page 377 The Battle-Cry of Business .. Facing page 465 The Bridle Path in Van Courtland Park,

New York City . Facing page 625

The Quill, Cover-Design of. .Facing page 768

The Use of Color as Applied to Catalogue

Illustrations . Facing page 337

Colored Inserts — Continued: page

“ When the Frost Is on the Punkin’, and

the Fodder’s in the Shock ”..... .

Facing page 193

Work . Facing page 177

Commissions and Gratuities Eliminated in

Selling Ink . 495

Comparative Type Space . 184

Competition — The Death or the Life of

Trade . 640

Composite Statement, The . 101

Conkey, W. B., Company, New Sales Man¬ ager for . 106

Cook County Printers and Editors Join

National Editorial Association . 395

Copperplate Press, New Intaglio (illus¬ trated) . 108

Copyholder to Proofreader, From. . .43, 185,

332, 477, 621, 751

Cornell, Fred, to Manage Kansas City Branch of Barnhart Brothers &

Spindler . 106

Correction, A . 393

Correspondence :

Appeal from France to the Printers of

America, An . 755

Boosting the Thrift Stamp Movement . 755

Cooperative Catalogues . 195

Copy Editing, More About . 51

Correspondence . 51, 195, 339, 483, 627, 755

Hiring Job-Press Feeders . 485

In the “ Good Old Days ” . 756

Is the Cost System Overdone? . 340

Lead-Poisoning? . 483

Letters We Appreciate . 483

Mortimer Company, Direct - Advertising

Campaign of the . 484

Newspapers and Magazines Wanted for

the Boys at the Front . 627

New York as a Printing Center . 483

New York the Printing Center of the

World . 755

Printing Should Rank as First Industry. . 195 Publishing Copyrighted Songs Without

Consent of Owner of Copyright . 627

Referred to Employing Printers in Cen¬ tral or Western Iowa . 340

Reply to the Urging of Young Printers to the Realization of Future Oppor¬ tunities, A . 51

“Simplifying Oriental Languages” . 339

Style in Printing? Why . 195

“Swift” Hand Composition . 52

Teaching of Printing, The . 755

Trade Papers to the Boys in the Camps,

Send . 627

What Is a Proofreader? . 484

Cost and Method :

Cheer Up, There Is a Better Day Coming. 489

Composing-Room Depreciation . 766

Cost and Method _ 89, 198, 345, 489, 633, 766

Cost System Overdone, Thinks the . 345

Cutting Stock . 491

Cutting Stock Affects Register . 634

Daily Time-Ticket, The . 767

Don't Crowd — Just Push! . 767

Efficiency, The Obvious in . 634

Estimating Service . 633

Estimating with the Foot Rule . 91

Home-Made Cost Systems . 199

How He Fools Himself . 347

Increasing Costs . 89

Keeping Samples of Paper . 634

Keeping Tab on Results . 490

Keeping Tab on Standing Jobs (illus¬ trated ) . 90

Lock-Up, The Cost of . 635

Lost Time, Sources of . 489

Meeting War Conditions . 198

Operation Hour-Costs . 490

Percentage of Productive Time . 766

Picking to Profit, From . 200

Pressroom versus Composing-Room . 91

IV

1 NDEX

Cost and Method — Continued: PAGE

Price-List Versus the Estimate, The . 768

Printer’s Errors, The . 489

Proofs . Jj35

Records, The Value of . 346

Shop Meeting, The . 199

Standardizing Sizes . 19®

Type and Electrotyping . 491

Type-Faces. Too Many . 90

Where Do You Live? . 200

Why a Cost System? . 346

Costs of Bindery Operations (with tables).

474. 617, 746

Court Decision Regarding Photoengraving,

A . 753

Cox, Alfred J. — Master Binder (illustrated) 227

Craftsmen’s First Fall Meeting . 106

Craftsmen Hear Fine Lecture . 249

Craftsmen See Industrial Exhibits . 669

Craig'-Finley & Co. Fifty Years Old . 393

Cutting Advertising, Danger in . 800

D

De-Inked Paper, Makes Good . 528

Denver, Colorado, Printing-Trades, The.... 668

Denver Printing-Trades, Notes of the . 814

Dressing the Book . 325

E

Economy Engineering Company Locates Of¬ fice in New York City . 816

Editorial:

Advertising Platemaking . 754

Correcting an Abuse . 193

“ Cost of Health Supervision in Industry ” 50

Court Decision Regarding Photoengrav¬ ing, A . 753

Editorial . 49, 193, 337, 481, 625, 753

Is Printing an Essential Industry? . 337

Labor Matters in Connection with the

War . 49

New Features for 1918 . 481

Printing-Ink Situation, The . 626

Repeal the Zone System of Second-Class

Matter . 482

Second-Class Postage Rates . 338

Short Courses for Foremen . . . 50

Something for Employing Printers to

Think Over . 626

“ Sound Printing ” . 482

Special Announcment . 625

Third-Class Postage, No Increase in . 625

War Convention of the Chamber of Com¬

merce, The . .... . 194

Water-Power Legislation . 50

Workers Needed for the Shipyards . 754

Editorial Brain-Fag, A Haven for . 85

Editors, Proofreaders and Operators . 62

Efficiency the Watchword . 335

Efficiency the Watchword with Iowa Press. 535 Electric Feeder Production Again Reaches

Normal . 816

Electrotypers See Handwriting on the Wall. 237 Electrotypers, Western Divisional Meeting

of . 812

Embossing, Practical Hints on . 41

Estimating Costs on Jobwork . 82

F

Farmer and His Newspaper, The . 789

Fell’s, E. Lawrence, Birthday . 394

Fell, William F., Company, The Business

Success of . 375

Flint, L. N., Appointed Head of Kansas

University of Journalism Department.. 108

Foreign Graphic Circles, Incidents in .

53, 196, 341, 485, 628, 757

Francis, Charles, A Card from . 812

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, Annual

Meeting of . 249

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, Committee

Appointments of . 397

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago’s Good-

Fellowship Dinner . 812

Freak Poetry, Now It’s . 758

G

Gaining New Business, Suggestions for. . . . 612 Gavit, J. P., Retires from Managing Editor¬ ship of New York Evening Post . 533

German Control of Chilean Paper Trade... 664

Getting Out of the Ruts . 741

Good English, Divergent Views of . 792

Grant, Harlo R., Announces New Display

Fixtures . 248

Graphic Colorplate Engraving Company,

New York City, Requires Larger Quar¬ ters . 533

Gray Printing Company's New Home, The

(illustrated) . .• • • • 795

Guessing at Approximates, The Fascinat¬ ing Game of . 609, 737

Gummed Papers, New Sample-Book of . 816

H PAGE

Health of Workers in the Printing Industry,

Conserving the . 181

Holiday Orders, Personal Solicitation of (il¬ lustrated ) 247

Houk, O. J., to Cover Pennsylvania for

The Intertype Corporation . 106

Howe Addressing Company’s Removal . 536

How to Keep in Touch . 638

Human Weakness, The One. . 46

Hurlbut, Ira D., Editor, Printer, Inventor. 245

I

Illustrations:

African Print-Shop, with Apprentices,

Elat, Cameroun . 764

Bookbinding, Specimens of, from Master

Hand of A. J. Cox . 226, 228, 229

Bringing in the Logs for the Sawmill. ... 765 Brown, Blodgett & Sperry Company,

Home of .

Cathedral at Rheims, The .

Clubhouse and Home for Oklahoma Edi¬ tors . _ .

Copperplate Press, New Intaglio .

Detroit News, Views in the New Plant of

Drawing by Duilio Cambellotti for a Propaganda Booklet Published by the

“ Credito Italiano ” .

Eagle White Lead, Store-Card for .

Findlay, Ohio, Morning Republican News¬ boys’ Band .

Force Behind the World of Business, The

— The Printer . .

Gray Printing Company, Fostoria, Ohio,

New Building of the .

Grinnell Herald, Grinnell, Iowa, New

Home of the .

Handy Thing, A . .

Ideas in the Form of Calendars and

School Annuals .

“Junior Bull Dog” Trimmer .

Largest Book in the World, The . 516

Lee Job and News Press, The New . . 395

Machine Composition, Specimen of Intri¬ cate, by Arthur G. Leisman . 518

Making Type in Office of the Tokio

Asahi . 651

Moonlight from Rosario Beach, Decep¬ tion Pass. San Juan Islands . 638

Patriotic Wall-Card by Corday & Gross

Company . 238

Printer’s Mark of Christopher Plantin. . . 759

Printer’s Own Calendar, The. . . 92

Processes Necessary to the Making of a

Zinc Etching, Illustrating the . 235

Public Press. Limited, of Winnipeg, New

Home of the . 848

Red Lake Falls Gazette, New Building

and Plant of the . • 796

Scene in Composing-Room of Tokio

Asahi . 6®2

Schoolboys Learning to Drill . . 765

Students at Short Course for Printers,

Iowa State College . 107

Telzit Slide-Rule, The . 814

There Are Half-Tones and Half-Tones.. . 762 United Typothetse of America, New Em¬ blem of . 897

Waiting for Copy (Cartoon by John T.

Nolf ) . 330

Importance of Good Bookkeeping . 379

Incidents in Foreign Graphic Circles .

53, 196, 341, 485, 628, 757

Independent Contractors . 479

Individual Efficiency, Improving . 81

Individuality in Machine Composition . 367

Intertype Corporation’s Eastern Sales De¬ partment, New Location for . 248

Intertype Users, Handbook for . 816

Iowa Printer-Foremen Go to School at Iowa

State College for Three Days . 107

Irish Press. Censorship . 348

Is Printing an Essential Industry? . 337

Is There Need for More Protection for

Type-Faces? . 798

J

Job Composition:

Advertising Programs . 65

Advertisement Contest, Result of . 777

Calendars Received . 780

Criticism Contest, Result of . 217

Greeting-Cards Received . 641

Holiday Printing, Thoughts on . 353

Job Comnosition . . . 65. 207, 353, 497, 641, 777

Optical Horizontal Balance . 497

Putting Selling Power Into ’Em . 207

Job-Presses in Good Condition, To Keep. . . . 784 ’’ Jobwork ” to Specialty Manufacturing,

From . 327

John Swift, Superintendent — The Man

Who Knew How (illustrated) . 321

Jones, Charles D., Leaves Ullman-Philpott

Company to Enter Newspaper Business. 535 Jones. Samuel, & Co., Employees of, Invest

in Liberty Bonds . 533

203

492

86

108

526

342

378

109

48

795

535

197

368

395

K PAGE

Kaupp & Son, Philadelphia, Make Improve-

Keogh, P. B., Retires After Thirty-Three

Years of Service . 109

Kings Are Up and Coming, The . 109

L

Lewis, A. F., Completes New York Edition

of 1918 “ Printing-Trades Blue Book ”. 536

Love for the Art, A . 86

Ludlow Typograph, Booklets on the . 816

Ludlow Typograph Company Opens Chi¬ cago Office . 394

Lutheran Centennial, Printing and the

Fourth . 54

M

Machine Composition :

Alignment of Vertical Rules, Imperfect. . 240 Border Slide Gives Trouble in Casting... 802 Care of Machines According to Schedule. 801

Eccentric Needs Resetting . 517

Electrically Heated Metal-Pot, More

About the . 664

Electric Metal-Pots Are a Success . 381

Gasoline Burners, How to Obtain Good

Results with . 63

How Many Errors Should a Linotype

Operator Make? . 63

How Many Hours Should an Operator

Work? . 518

How Much Time Should Be Spent in Car¬ ing for a Machine? . 64

How to Return Cams to Normal When

the Mold-Disk Is Bound with Metal. . 517

Increasing Speed on the Linotype . 239

Lady Operator Remedies Leaky Pot

Mouthpiece . 518

Leaky Pot-Mouth . 381

Line Governor Not Needed with Thermo¬ stat . 663

Lower Distributor Screw Is Out of Time. 239 Machine Composition ... 63, 239, 381, 517,

663, 801

Magazine Plate Deflected . 801

Matrices Bent in the Distributor Box.... 240

Matrices Drop Irregularly . 663

Matrix Bruised on Under Side of Lower

Front Lug . 663

Matrix Damaged by Striking Rail of Line-

Delivery Channel . 63

Matrix Lug Damaged by Contact with

Rail of Line-Delivery Channel . 63

Metal Splashes from Obscure Cause . 240

Mold-Keeper Out of Position . 517

Molds Should Not Be Polished with an

Abrasive . 382

Recasting of Slugs, Irregularity in . 663

Remelting of Linotype Metal . 382

Removing Escapement on Model 4 . 518

Ribless Slugs from Linotype Mold . 518

Slugs Bind in Ejecting . 382

Spacebands and Matrices, Transposition

of . 664

Spacebands, Bending of . 239

Stretching Bar-Point Prevents the Rais¬ ing of Two Thin Matrices . 663

Teeth of Matrix Are Damaged by Bruised

Rails . 64

Thin Matrices Bend in Distributor Box.. 64 Tight Lines Cause Damage to Matrix

Lugs . 517

Transpositions Can Not Be Corrected by

Oiling Assembler-Slide . 663

Wear on Matrix Lugs . 381

Which Back Mold-Wiper Should Be Used? 801 Withdrawing Spent Gas from Linotype

Pot Burners, Method of . 63

Machine Composition Club, Annual Dinner

of . 814

Machine Composition, Individuality in . 367

McLaughlin, W. C., New Secretary of the

Whitaker Paper Company . 538

Meetings :

Craftsmen's First Fall Meeting . 106

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago, Annual

Meeting of . 249

Northern Indiana Editorial Association,

Forty-Eighth Annual Convention of. 107 United Typothetse and Franklin Clubs of

America Convention, A Review of the 94 Washington State Editors Meet at Che-

halis . 105

Mergenthaler Linotype Company Sends Out

Interesting Booklet . 538

Mid-West Box Company and the K. I.

Herman Company Consolidate . 534

Milk Bottles of Paper, Making . 93

Miller Saw-Trimmer Company Increases

Sales Force . 248

Mistakes We Make, The . 520

Model Country Print-Shop, A . 797

Modern Newspaper Plant, A — The New

Home of the Detroit News . 525

Monotype Company Divides New York-

Boston District . 396

Monotype Specimen Book of Type-Faces,

The . 248

Movable Metallic Type, The First . 661

I N. D E X

v

N PAGE

National Foreign Trade Convention . 668

, New Keystone Manager . 394

New Pastures for Ambitious Printers . 466

New Printers' Buildings (illustrated) . 795

Newspaper English . 632

Newspaper Space, Giving Away . 623

Newspaper Work;

Advertisements, To Promote Interest in.. 804

Advertising, The A B C of . 803

Agent Should Get Only the Commission

He Earns . 88

An Epigram . 803

Are Foreign Subscribers Worth While?.. 88

Business Literature Wanted . 521

Christmas Edition, A — Somewhat Typ¬ ical . 804

Community Date-Book . 803

Contest in Ad Composition . 386

Correct Names of Towns, To Get the. ... 88

Do Commissions Take the Profit? . 241

How One Newspaper Met Increased

Costs . 521

“ Insert and Send Bill” . 87

Jumbling of Receipts Produces Loss . 87

Newspaper Work . 87, 241, 385, 521, 803

No Money in This, Either . 87

Press-Agent, A Helpful . 804

Rate-Cards, A “ Horrible Example ” in. . 803

Review of Newspapers and Advertise¬ ments . 243, 387, 522, 805

Sale and Lease Value of a Newspaper,

The . 385

Sell Service, Not Space . 522

Supplements, Rate on . 88

Two Advertising Suggestions . 88

Two-Dollar Country Weekly, The . 386

“What They Say” . 803

News-Print Marketing Conditions Again

Under Federal Scrutiny . 659

New York Master Printers’ Association. . . . 533

New York's New Public Printer . 103

New York the Printing Center of the

World . 206

Non-Essential Business . 352

Northern Indiana Editorial Association,

Forty-Eighth Annual Convention of. . . 107 Northwestern Electric Company Brings Out

New Push-Button Control and Motor. . 250 Novel War-Fund Club Formed in Large

New York Plant, A . 396

O

Obituary :

Foster, William French . 104

Hagney, Michael J . 811

Hicks, Colonel John . 810

Lahan, Charles Beecher . 104

Lane, William . 392

Lange, Louie A . 811

Lee, James L . 104

Lincoln, George E . 810

McGovern, John ..., . 539

Ostrander, John Wesley . 668

Parkhill, Samuel J . 104

Pilgrim, Isaac Bowen . 104

Polhemus, Henry Woodruff . 392

Schell, Joseph P . 811

Speed, Henry B . 104

Thompson, Harry 1 . 811

Turner, Harry . 811

Warburton, Frederick J . 392

Warrener, Harrison P . 539

Whitcombe, G. H . 392

Old-Time Printer Custodian of $35,000,000. 108

O'Neill, Arthur S . 249

Organization Work :

Ben Franklin Club of Cincinnati. Ohio... 529 Ben Franklin Club of Cleveland, Ohio. .. . 529

Franklin-Typothetse of Chicago . 530

Graphic Arts Organization, Kansas City,

Missouri . 529

Organization Work . 529

Typothetae-Franklin Association of De¬ troit, Michigan . 530

Organized Industry . 383

Oswego Machine Works Makes Large

Growth . 670

P

Philadelphia Craftsmen's Anniversary Ban-

. quet . . 812

Philadelphia Craftsmen Have Big Meeting. 398 Philadelphia Craftsmen Have Big Night. . . 534 Philadelphia Firm Enjoys Big Expansion of

Business, Another . 536

Philadelphia School of Estimating a Success. 535 Pittsburgh Post Was Seventy-Five Years

Old on September 10 . 106

Plain Facts. Just . 374

Pleasant Side of a Printer’s Life . 376

Poetry :

Pay Till It Hurts . 390

Sizzling at the Keyboard . 797

The Boys on the Firin’ Line . 376

Portraits :

Baer, John M . 380

Barrett, Walter W . 815

Boardman, Brigadier-General C. R . 657

Boyle, Daniel . 814

Portraits — ■ Continued : page

Brady, Peter J . 629

Bronson, Edgar S . 85

Brookes, Morton S . 530

Cox, Alfred J . 227

Edwards, Charles W . 802

Foy, John J . 237

Francis, Charles . 665

Gage, Fred W . 10(1

Gray, George M . 795

Gray, Gordon . 795

Gray, James G . 795

Gray, Merton B . 795

Green, William Harris . 532

Hastie, John W . 530

Hayes, Harry R . 669

Hurlbut, Ira D . . . 245

Jenks, George E . 813

Johnstone, George D . 790

Jones, Charles D . 535

Keogh, P. B . 109

Lahan, Charles Beecher . 104

Lange, Louie A . 811

Lee, James L . 105

Leighton, Clarence . 351

Lincoln, George E . 810

Lufft, Johannes . 54

Mansfield, John E . 787

McLaughlin, W. C . 538

McLeod, R. C . 351

Moulton, Benjamin P . 100

Neal, Harry S . 351

Nelson, R. B . 530

Nichols, Fred B . 108

O'Neill, Arthur S . 249

Ostrander, John Wesley . 668

Peterson, Elmer Arthur, Jr . 56

Plantin, Christopher . 760

Rowley, Harry . 538

Scott, William H . 534

Slep, Harry . 394

Southworth, Arthur E . 100

Stewart, Enoch W . 790

Stone, Irving K . 515

Stone, I. L . 515

Warrener, Harrison P . 539

Woodfield, C. L . 530

Postoftice Regulation That Is Worth Know¬ ing, A (illustrated) . 250

Pressroom :

“Biscuit” Overlay? What Is a . 55

Bronze Inks . 793

Composition Rollers, The Care of . 55

Condition of Rollers Important in Pro¬ ducing Good Work . 793

Country Publisher’s Trouble, A . 513

Electricity in Stock Due to Heat . 513

Excellent Colorwork from Australia . 793

Half-Tone Fills Up . 202

Half-Tone Work Needs Overlaying . 513

Hand Bronzing Dangerous to Health.... 55

Label, Imperfectly Inked . 201

Mechanical Overlay for Small Shop . 201

Overcoming Trouble with Bond-Paper on

Automatic Feeder . 794

Pennants, Printing of . 514

Plate-Marking a Banquet Invitation . 794

Powdered Mica Eliminates Electricity

from Paper . 639

Pressman Troubled with Register on

Cardboard . 202

Pressroom . 55, 201, 377, 513, 639, 793

Print Envelopes with Flaps Open . 793

Questions from a Pressman . 377

Red Plate Filled Up Frequently . 639

Register on Cardboard, To Secure . 639

Register on Platen Press . 201

Ruled Blank Registers Badly . 377

Rules Slur in a Blank Form . 639

Sale Bill Wrinkles in Printing . 201

Slipping of Bearers Preventable . 640

Slip-Sheeting Eliminated by Careful

Make-Ready . 377

Slurring on News and Job Forms . 56

Speed of Press May Affect Register . 202

Tapes Mark the Paper . 640

Tympan Bales, More About the Working

Loose of . 55

Wants Ink Solvent for Printed Badge. . . . 201

Web Breaking on Rotai-y Press . 514

Whv Do Half-Tone Plates Show Dark on

Edge? . 794

Prices, An Experiment in . 187

Printer and the Inkman. The . 331

Printer’s Building, A Modern (illustrated). 203

Printer’s Calendar, A (illustrated) . 92

Printer’s Marks in Architecture (illus¬ trated ) . 59

Printer's Primary Colors, The . 225

Printing and Publishing in Illinois . 536

“Printing for Profit” . 665

Printing-Ink Situation, The . 626

Process Engraving :

American Institute of Graphic Arts Pro¬ gram . 58

Answers to a Few Correspondents . 630

Chemicals Under Lock and Key, Keep... 57 Chinese Have a Photoengraving Plant... 630

Christmas Greetings . 629

Coating Paper for Silver Prints . 236

Copyright Complications . 763

“ Cutting Solution ” . 343

Process Engraving — -Continued : page

Dry-Plate Negatives, Intensity in . 234

Ectypography . 57

Enamel Formula for Zinc Instead of Cop¬ per . 234

Enlarged Photographs with Coarse Grain. 630

Etching Aluminum . 762

Etching Steel . 494

Explosives Law and Negative-Making... 629

Facts Worth Knowing . 494

Fog and Some of Its Causes . 493

Gamboge for Stopping-Out on Metal . 344

Ink-Roller's Importance in Line-Engrav¬ ing . 493

Iodin and Other Chemicals, Saving . 57

Keeping Copy Clean When Engraving It. 494

Lenses Wanted by Uncle Sam . 343

Line and Half-Tone Collodion . 763

Lithography, Artistic, and the Other Kind 344 Make a Large Tray for Acetic Acid, To. . 763

Masking Paper for Air-Brush Work . 344

Minimums Will Get You If You Don’t

Watch Out, The . 233

Negative Intensification Carried Too Far. 763

Newspaper Illustrating, To Learn . 233

Paintings by the Square Inch, Why Not?. 233 Photoengraver Becomes Public Printer. . 629

Photographing on Wood . 343

Photographs , That Will Not Stretch or

Shrink . 494

Photogravure’s Introduction Here . 761

Process Engraving. .57, 233, 343, 493, 629, 761 Process Formulas Some Twenty Years

Ago . 761

Processwork Preparedness When Peace

Comes . 233

Replies to a Few Queries . 58, 236

Reversing Dry-Plate Films . 344

Rotary Photogravure Did Not Come from

Germany, . 761

Rotary Photogravure or Offset for News¬ papers . 57

Rotary Photogravure Web Presswork. . . . 493

Saving Silver from Solutions . 762

Seals, Dies and Stamps . 343

Sensitized Metal Plates, Preserving . 57

“Staging” and “Fine Etching” . 236

Stripping and Reversing Negative Films. 58 Teaching Processwork in Great Britain.. 493 The Weekly Times Annual, Melbourne... 630 There Are Half-Tones and Half-Tones... 762 Tricolor Blocks Built Great Industries... 761 Welcome Substitute for Deadly Cyanid, A. 343

Why Not the Metric System Now? . 58

Words “ Negative ” and “ Reverse ” Mis¬ used, The . 236

Proofreading and Typography, Free Courses

ii--«*in . 106

Proofroom :

Apostrophes, and a Word . 791

Decimal Points . 231

Divergent Views of Good English . 792

Editors, Proofreaders and Operators . 62

Elementary Grammar . 231

Errors Made to Order . 349

Faults in a “Manual of Style” . 791

Logic of Pointing, The . 231

Making Rules, On . 349

Marks to Indicate “ N ” or “ U ” . 632

Mistakes We Make, The . 520

Newspaper English . 632

Number. Same Old Dispute as to . 631

Perversity About Questions . 231

Points, A Clumsy Coupling of . 61

Proofreader’s Function, Varying Esti¬ mates of the . 232

Proofroom . 61, 231, 349, 519, 631, 791

Proofroom Problems . 519

Question About Capitals, A . 519

Some Errors and a Lesson . 631

Some Green Stunts by Authors . 349

Subjunctive Form, A . 791

Unreasonable Style. An . 519

Utility and the Futility of Rules, The. . . . 350

Worcester’s Dictionary . 61

Proper Spacing and Type Selection . 103

Public Press, Limited, of Winnipeg, New

Home of the (illustrated) . 348

“Rush” Shop, A . 785

Sierra Paper Company Enjoys Rapid

Growth . 816

Simple Invention, but a Wonderful Time-

Saver, A (illustrated) . 814

Sinclair, Frank, Recovering from Serious

Illness . 816

Q

Quinby, Walter W., Now with A. C. Allen

Paper Company . 670

R

Ralph, Joseph E., Located . 667

Rai'e Opportunity, A . 660

Richards, J. A., Company, Announces Two

New Composing-Room Saws . _ . 670

Rogers, Bruce, at Cambridge University... 393

Rotary Photogravure Process, The . 473

Rowley, Harry, with the Hamilton Manu¬ facturing Company . 538

Russell-Cockrell Printing-Plant at Amarillo,

Texas, Damaged by Fire . 533

VI

INDEX

S PAGE

Salesman in Blunder-Land, A (illustrated).

37, 177

San Francisco Admen Busy Preparing for

1918 Convention . 537

School Printing, A Plea for a Standardized

Course of . 465

Second-Class Postage Rates . 338

Sellers of Printing . 496

Selling of Printing Efficiently Taught by

Nashville Typothetse, The . 248

Selling Printing, Some Thoughts on . 749

Selling the Unsellable Man (illustrated)... 613

Seventy Years of Successful Business . 669

Seybold Machine Company, A Trip Through

the Plant of the . 537

Shepard, Mrs. Clara J., Resigns Official

Positions . 667

Sinclair & Valentine Company, Expert Ser¬ vice Man for Chicago Branch of the. . . . 106 Sinclair & Valentine Company Present

Thrift Cards to Employees . 538

Singer, Eric R., with Sigmund Ullman Com¬ pany . 537

Slauson, W. G . 250

Some Sayings of Successful Printers . 780

Something for Employing Printers to Think

Over . 626

South America Uses News-Print Paper for

Wrapping-Paper . 230

Speaking the Buyer's Language . 469

Specimen Review . 69, 211, 357, 501, 647, 769

Standard Engraving Company Buys An¬ other Large Plant . 667

Standardizing Catalogue Sizes . 666

Starting Out Right . 352

Stephany, J. Henry, Will Sell Stanley

Process Type Metals . 106

Stone, I. L. — Pioneer Press-Builder . 515

Suburban Publishers Elect Officers . 105

Supply Houses, Among the . 537, 670, 816

Supplymen, Changes Among . 251

System in the Proofroom . 60

T

Teachers of Printing, A Clearing-House for. 668 Teachers' Round Table :

Composing-Stick for Elementary Schools,

A . 788

Foreword . 786

Mansfield, John E., at Boys’ Vocational

School, New York . 787

Teachers’ Round Table — Continued: page

New Department for Teachers of Print¬ ing, Some Views Regarding the . 788

Printing Teachers’ Convention to Be Held

in Newark, New Jersey . 787

Teaching Spacing to the Apprentice, A

Who Should Teach : The Theorist with Pedagogical Training or the Prac¬ tical Printer? . 786

Teach Printing in Public Schools of Gotham,

To . 398

The Printer's Publicity :

Aiding Business . 364

At Your Service . 79

Barta Press, The . 80

B. P - P. imprint . 366

Copco Facts . 655

Etchings . 654

For Business Reasons . 363

Franklin Complete Service . 78

Getting More Business . 781

Good and Bad Printing . 782

House-Organs, More Firms Using . 510

Humor and Publicity . 512

Impressions . 221

Japan Paper Company . 784

Knoxville Lithographing Company . 653

Lee’s Proof . 222

Letting Out the Light . 77

McMath, William S., Printing Company. 509

Mon-Roze-Mark . 366

More Business . 782

Mulls Musings . 783

Pride in Your Product . 223

Printers’ Advertising, Review of . 81

Printers Awake to Opportunities . 781

Printing of Today . 77

Quality in. Printing . 221

Salesman on Paper, The . 509

Selling by Mail . 511

Soak It ! . 512

Some Publicity Hints . 656

Specialization . 366

Stet . 365

Stilted Letters . 656

T & T Imprint . 653

The Printer's Publicity . 77, 221, 363,

509, 653, 781

The Quilt . 783

Tape Talks . 224

William Eskew . 222

The Romance of Types . 667

Third-Class Postage, No Increase in . 625

PAGE

Thomson, John, Press Company, Sends Out

a New Folder on the Laureate Press. . . 396

Trade Notes . 106, 248, 393, 533, 667, 812

Turnes, Sam J., Now with Burnett &

Weinberger Company . 667

Typography and Proofreading at the Col¬ lege of the City of New York, Courses

in . 250

“ Typothetae Girls ” of Detroit Doing Their

Bit, The . 393

U

"Under Separate Cover” (illustrated).... 225 United Typothetaj and Franklin Clubs of

America Convention, A Review of the. . 94

United Typothetse of America, News Notes

from . 252, 397, 536, 667, 815

United Typo theta* of America, Territory

Assigned Executive Committeemen of.. 396 Utility and the Futility of Rules, The . 350

V

Varying Estimates of the Proofreader's

Function . 232

Virkotype Process, Specimen Book of Prod¬ ucts of the . 816

W

Wanted — House-Organs, All the . 638

Ware Coated Paper Company, New Sales

Manager for . 670

War Tax Returns of the Printer, The . 636

Washington State Editors Meet at Chehalis. 105 Western Paper Box Manufacturers’ Associ¬ ation . 813

Western Type Foundry Buys F. C. Damm

Company Tools, etc . 106

West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company

Opens New York City Warehouse . 670

When “ U ” Is “ V " . 660

Which Is Better ? Here's Why — Criticism

Contest Result . 217

Whitaker Paper Company's Sales Meeting,

The . 816

Whiting Paper Company Issues Handsome

Guide on Wedding Forms . 248

Why They Fail . 106

Wisconsin's Leading Soldier a Printer and

Publisher . 657

Wood Type, Care of . 380

Workers Needed for the Shipyards . 754

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS

PAGE

PAGE

American Art Student .

American Autopress Co .

American Electrotype Co . 132, 281, 428,

570, 699,

American Numbering Machine Co . 128,

262, 411. 559, 687,

American Pressman . 135, 272, 420,

556, 696,

American Printer . 136, 278, 430,

574,

American Steel Chase Co . 143, 274,

American Type Founders Co.. . .14, 19, 162, 165, 319, 544, 551, 590, 702, 720,

Anderson, C. F., & Co .

Associated Advertising Clubs of the World..

Associated Business Papers, Inc .

Ault & Wiborg Co . 16, 17, 168, 169,

170, 434,

Autocall Co . 117, 264,

Babcock Printing Press Mfg. Co. ...11, 146, 292, 448, 592,

Backert, John M .

Barnhart Bros. & Spindler. . . . 135, 282, 409,

565, 685,

Barton Mfg. Co _ 139, 268, 407, 556, 688,

Berger & Wirth . 545, 583,

Berry Machine Co . 7, 311,

Beygeh Engraving Co . 547, 693,

Bingham Bros. Co... 10, 148, 320, 464, 608,

Bingham's, Sam'l, Son Mfg. Co . 18, 150,

318, 449, 578,

Black-Clawson Co . 143, 406,

Blatchford, E. W., Co . 139, 268, 404,

554, 686,

Blomgren Bros. & Co.... 118, 139, 268, 276, 404, 428, 554, 570, 686, 699, 834,

Boston Printing Press & Machinery Co .

270, 567,

Boston Wire Stitcher . 14, 165, 319, 551,

702,

British Printer . 136, 278, 430, 574,

Britton & Doyle .

Brock & Rankin _ 135, 272, 420, 563, 696,

Brown, L. L., Paper Co . 257, 675,

Brown Mfg. Co . 143, 565, 688,

Bureau of Engraving . 305,

Burrage, Robert R . 112, 401,

Butler, J. W.. Paper Co . 1, 145, 289,

433, 577,

Cabot, Godfrey L...139, 268, 407, 556, 688, Campbell Printing Press Repair Parts Co...

139, 274, 402, 556, 674.

Carborundum Co . 142, 284, 418,

Carver, C. R., Co . 165, 460,

Challenge Machinery Co.. 12, 127, 166, 275, 295, 439, 455, 599, 607, 731, Chandler & Price Co.. 6, 266, 310, 548, 698,

Chicago Steel & Wire Co . 421, 571, 683,

Cleveland Folding Machine Co . 134, 155,

296, 441, 580,

Collier, P. F., & Son, Inc .

Collins, A. M„ Mfg. Co _ 3, 154, 297, 440,

593, 699, 707,

Colonial Co . 143, 274, 407. 556, 688,

Crane, Z. & W. M..144, 288, 432. 576, 704,

Delphos Printing Press Co . 30, 173, 317,

461,

Denney Tag Co . 130, 262, 420, 565, 691,

Dewey, F. E. & B. A . 125, 270, 409, 567,

691,

Dexter, C. H., & Sons... 132, 267, 414, 566,

698,

Dexter Folder Co . 5, 147, 293, 435, 581,

Dick, Rev. Robert, Estate . 130, 419,

Dinse, Page & Co. ..135, 272, 419, 565, 696,

Diver, Miss Pauline L . 274,

Dorman, J. F. W„ Co _ 139, 268, 404, 554,

686,

552

Dowd Knife Works .

437,

588,

721

446

Duplex Printing Press Co... .

456,

457

Durant Mfg. Co _ 137.

274,

407,

543,

688,

832

822

729

Eastern Brass & Wood Type Co.. .

274

833

Eastern Mfg. Co .

307,

454,

585,

846

Eastman Kodak Co .

558

844

Economy Engineering Co. . . .

274,

543,

820

406

Embossograph Process Co. . .

274,

407,

554,

686,

832

732

Erie Lay-Boy Co .

.135,

266,

419,

565,

685

606

Esleeck Mfg. Co. ...126,

259,

422,

574,

697,

722

138

572

579

Feedmore Mfg. Co .

.161,

316,

555,

693,

839

427

Feuerstein, S. B., & Co..

139,

268,

404,

554,

686,

834

Fonderie Caslon .

409,

830

Fort-ified Mfg. Co .

718

Francis, Chas., Press...

731

419

828

Gatchel & Manning. . . .

143,

402,

688

832

General Electric Co .

260

710

Gilbert, H. E„ Co .

119,

270,

411,

571,

436

687,

735

733

Globe Engraving & Electrotype Co

.26,

736

164,

563,

603,

728

Globe Type Foundry....

139,

268,

404,

554,

715

686,

834

688

Golding Mfg. Co .

114,

174,

417,

682,

725

Goss Printing Press Co..

. . . Cover,

685.

828

834

Grant, Harlo R .

281

835

839

Hamilton Mfg. Co.... 4,

149,

290.

444,

587,

706

Hammermill Paper Co..

120,

121,

424,

425,

732

676,

677

844

Hampshire Paper Co...

124,

408,

678

26

Hancock, H. H .

130,

262,

419,

557,

691

830

Hansen, H. C., Type Foundry....

421,

571,

823

689,

726

832

Hart, Leo, Co .

688

605

Hart, R. A.. Mfg. Co...

463,

607,

735

673

Hartford Times .

561,

696

Hartnett, R. W., Co....

137,

274,

407,

543,

705

688,

832

Hellmuth, Charles . .118,

259,

426,

571,

699,

735

Hickok, W. O., Mfg. Co.

123,

266,

421,

568,

691,

835

832

Hoffman, A., Co .

543

Horton Mfg. Co. . . . 123,

167,

426,

462,

602.

733

820

Hotel Cumberland .

428,

570,

702

569

Hotel Martinique .

552,

696,

830

728

Howard Paper Co .

. . . 405, Cover,

827

Huber, J. M .

122,

409,

683

734

Hunters, Ltd .

694

722

729

713

Ideal Coated Paper Co..

118,

283,

416,

575,

832

682,

734

Illinois Electrotype Co...

_ 139, 268. 404,

( 3b

554,

686,

834

832

Imperial Engraving Co.

268,

407,

554,

686

848

Imprint Matrix Co .

402

. Intertype Corporation .

116,

264,

303,

564,

589,

730

586

Jaenecke-Ault Co .

. .25,272,

319,

463,

607

733

•Jones, Samuel, & Co....

122,

269,

422,

561.

694,

726

831

Juergens Bros. Co... 139,

268,

404,

554,

686,

834

724

693

828

407

Kast & Ehinger. . . . 118.

259,

426,

571.

699,

735

Keller Printing Co .

543,

688

834

Kidder Press Co . 27,

172,

315.

463,

606,

723

PAGE

Kimble Electric Co . 129, 271, 418, 459,

680, 821

King, Albert B„ & Co . 142, 274, 407,

556, 674, 832

King Engraving Co . 139, 268

King, Harry W . 137, 256, 407

Lagerman Press Co. of New York . 729

LaMonte, George, & Son . 126, 269, 422,

555, 697, 822

Lanston Monotype Machine Co.. . .8, 9, 160,

291, 438, 601, 709

Latham Machinery Co. ...14, 172, 403, 562,

690, 723

Lead Mould Electrotype Foundry . 143,

272, 406, 561, 696, 820

Leeds Central Technical School . 265

Letter-Pack-It System . 175, 309, 551,

684, 843

Lilly, Eli, & Co . 143

Linograph Co . Cover

Lustre Chemical Co . 404

McCain Bros. Mfg. Co . 132, 280, 423,

559, 694, 726

Manz Engraving Co . 139, 268, 404, 554,

686, 834

Matrix Ruled Form & Tabular Co . 21,

279, 301, 450, 598, 711

Megill, Edw. L . 110, 253, 399, 540, 671, 817

Meisel Press Mfg. Co . 23, 166, 309, 455,

599, 725

Mentges Folder Co . 23, 157, 415

Mergenthaler Linotype Co . Cover

Miehle Printing Press & Mfg. Co . 20,

151, 308, 445, 582, 708

Miller Saw-Trimmer Co . 29, 281, 423,

569 595 712

Mittag & Volger. . .139, 268, 404, 554 ! 686^ 834 Monitor Controller Co... 119, 273, 423, 569,

683, 727

Moi-gan Expansion Roller Truck Co .

282, 420, 565, 685, 833

Mountain Mill Paper Co . 125, 128, 265,

269, 417, 426, 567, 574

Nashua Gummed & Coated Paper Co .

125, 258, 414, 566, 697, 831

Nashville Printers' Club . 287

National Association of Printing Ink Mak¬ ers . 596, 597

National Lithographer . 135, 282, 419,

556. 696, 830

National Machine Co . 829

New Era Press . 137, 157, 407, 452, 688, 727

N. Y. Revolving Portable Elevator Co .

139, 268, 404, 554, 686, 834

Northwestern Electric Co . 152, 403, 562,

700, 836

Oswego Machine Works . 28, 159, 294,

443, 594, 716

Paper Dealer . 142, 406, 556, 674, 820

Parker, Thomas & Tucker Paper Co .

130, 262, 420, 557, 685. 828

Parsons Paper Co . 133, 259, 406

Patent Cereals Co . 128, 273, 602

Penrose; A. W Co., Ltd... Ill, 254, 400,

541, 672, 818

i'hiladel) .. a n rs’ Supply Co . 404,

556, 688, 834

I'lioic-Cor. Engraving Co. .129, 415. 833

Pioneer Paper Stock Co . 137, 402

Pollock's : . 139, 268, 407, 556, 688

Pressmen’s Home . . . 565

INDEX

viii

Sheppard Printing & Pub. Co.

834

Printer & Publisher .

136,

278,

430,

568,

844

Sheridan, T. W. & C. B„ Co .

439

Printing Art . 136,

278,

428,

570.

702,

844

Sinclair & Valentine Co . 119,

174,

427,

Printing: Crafts School.

559,

687,

835

546,

695,

829

Printing,’ Machinery Co..

_ 128, 270, 423,

Sprague Electric Works . 25,

167,

299,

559,

691,

729

462,

602,

727

Process Engravers’ Monthly.

135,

272,

420,

Star Tool Mfg. Co . 135, 266,

420,

565,

556,

692

685,

oc

tc

00

Stokes & Smith Co . 114, 273,

414,

564,

680,

730

Strathmore Paper Co .

261,

550

Queen City Printing Ink

Co..

.24,

158,

Stuebing Truck Co . 25,

167,

411,

555

302,

843

Sullivan Machinery Co . 139,

268,

404,

554,

686,

834

Supreme Forest Woodmen Circle. .

411,

563

Redington, F. B., Co. . . .

274,

407,

543,

674,

832

Regina Co . 137,

157,

407,

452,

688,

727

Tabaline Co . 22, 156, 314,

549,

689,

832

Richards, J. A., Co .

606,

726

Tatum, Sam'l C., Co .

283.

460,

718

Riessner, T .

834

Taylor Registering Projector Co..

123

Roberts Furniture Co...

717

Telzit Slide Rule Co .

834

Roberts Numbering Machine Co...

698,

822

Thompson Type Machine Co.. .12,

267,

410,

Rogers, E. B .

113.

274,

404,

543,

688

546,

592

Roko Mfg'. Co .

.25,

167,

319,

462,

602

Thomson, John, Press Co .

300,

453,

600

Rouse, H. B., & Co. .123,

258,

316,

452,

700,

722

Ticonderoga Pulp & Paper Co.. . .

122,

262,

Rudgers, Cort A .

462

421,

568,

689,

839

Type-Hi Mfg. Co .

137,

256,

407

Typo Mercantile Agency .

828

Scott, Walter, & Co .

. .2,

171,

304,

442,

591,

714

Seaman Paper Co .

.277,

413.

553

Ullman-Philpott Co .

276,

568

153,

163.

312,

313.

447,

584,

719

Union Glue Co .

130

Shepard, Henry O., Co..

.131,

137,

274,

United Printing Machinery Co...

116,

275,

407,

543,

688,

832

315,

552,

695,

837

Vandercook Press ...27, 258, 316, 452, 700, 838

Want Advertisements . 110,

Warner, R. P., Electric Co .

Warren, S. D., & Co .

Washington, Geo., Institute .

253,

540,

. 117.

402, 543

Wells & Co .

Wesche, B. A., Electric Co.. . .137, 274

West, James . 113, 274,

Western States Envelope Co .

426,

Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co..

284, 416,

Weston, Byron, Co . 113, 267,

West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co.. . Wetter Numbering Machine Co...

566

417

U. S. Shipping Board . 840-841

Whitaker Paper Co . 115, 263,

White, James, Paper Co . 130,

White, L. & I. J., Co.... 125, 266,

Whiting Paper Co . 127, 271,

Whitlock Printing Press Mfg. Co. . Wiggins, John B., Co.... 142, 272,

Wiley, John, & Sons .

Wing, Chauncey . 130, 262,

122.

561,

298,

266.

557.

409.

412.

410

419,

399,

671, 817 .130, 685 .681, 824 276,

686. 832

. 13

407,

674, 834 554. 686 258,

687, 835 .126,

603, 732 561,

697, 822 .604, 825 269,

683, 838 451,

679, 826 , 419,

685, 828 , 567,

689, 839 , 575, 690 .306, 458 557,

693, 833 .265, 831 , 563, 696

I

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I-

ft 1 1 ^HE great highroad of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing; and they who are the most per¬ sistent, and work in the truest spirit, will invariably be the most successful; success treads on the heels of every right effort. — S. Smiles.

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Q& INLAND PRINTER

<Hie Leading Iradejouinal o£ the World in tRe Printing and Allied Industries

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Vol. 60

OCTOBER, 1917 No. 1

HOW TO START A PRODUCTIVE ADVERTISING SERVICE

By WILLIAM WOLFSON

For instance, this is how one printer com-

%

BECAUSE printing in itself is a service, it is natural for the printer to ponder | upon the problem of broadening that service beyond the scope of the average print-shop and thereby make his own shop indi¬ vidualistic. Many of the craft have taken to specialization. And, due to the coordination, what printer has not at one time or other enter¬ tained the thought of business-building through a subsidiary advertising service?

By advertising service, let it be understood that all the possible elements comprising direct- mail publicity assistance — plans, art, copy, engraving, printing — are meant; and that in¬ cluded in the genus are the species of master printers who have endeavored to create sales for themselves through application of one or more of these elements.

The inclination or determination there, how does the printer begin? Irrespective of what prompted him to innovate the special service — the employment of a clever compositor or of an exceptionally trained salesman; arrangements made with a seasoned advertising man, or a commercial artist, or with both; the discovery of a latent knack or talent in himself for finding and developing marketable ideas — the inevita¬ ble result in the great majority of cases has been that the printer plunges into the extensive sys¬ tem without a proper amount of consideration. 1-3

menced : He employed a man well versed in the mechanics of the production of printing, who could attractively and originally lay out publicity- matter, who was a versatile and clear writer, a good thinker and doer. The list of customers was circularized. A list of prospective cus¬ tomers was also circularized. The purport of the message was, “We have opened an advertis¬ ing service. Get the benefit of our ideas, sug¬ gestions, experience. Send for our man to confer with you.” Now, the circulars were very trim, for the stock was choice, the printing executed with thought and care, the appearance impres¬ sive. Three or four thousand were mailed. Great disappointment prevailed when very few returns came in. The printer could not under¬ stand it. Had he not given of his best ? Had he not made it easy for the recipient to answer by means of a most unusual post-card enclosed? Something went wrong, but what was it? Worse yet, out of the few inquiries he secured an order for 10,000 letter-heads, that was all; and he had thought of a number of large runs on book¬ lets, catalogues, what-not!

Another printer reasoned it best to mail a house-organ to a selected list regularly. He could not afford an elaborate affair; but, seeing what appeared to be a news sheet printed on a blotter, hit upon the idea of putting what he had

34

THE INLAND PRINTER

to say upon a post-card. Three different cards were mailed in as many weeks. He had one or two casual calls, was complimented upon his idea, but all the business that emanated was very little. So he discontinued his house-organ.

It must be remembered that the printer is limited in rendering advertising service — lim¬ ited in capability, in time and in money. After all, his main work consists of turning out printed- matter at a profit. He, therefore, must con¬ serve his forces, direct them without waste and with telling effect. To do this he must use not the extensive but the intensive system.

To differentiate, associate the word “scat¬ tered” with the extensive system, the word “ concentrated ” with the intensive system. Both systems are nicely illustrated by the contrasting methods of land cultivation in the United States, as carried on by the native owner of a vast area on the one hand, and by the foreign-born farmer (the Italian or the Japanese) with his few acres on the other. The former, despite his superior domain, frequently grows less to the acre than does his alien neighbor who works every avail¬ able inch of the limited territory, yet sows and reaps a better, a comparatively larger, and a more diversified crop. One “ scatters ” his forces, the other “concentrates.” Nevertheless, the extensive system has its good points, even in advertising service, but as far as the average printer is concerned it is not the system to start with, though it can be utilized in modified form and dovetailed into the intensive system.

Let us liken the intensive system to a locomo¬ tive, in order to bring home the proper method of procedure. It is apparent we must drive our engine along the lines of least resistance. We can not drive it on the ground. We must have tracks. Shall we tear up the earth, lay a bed and nail down tracks? Consideration of the great energy that must be consumed in such a task — not mentioning the high costs — leads us to negative the suggestion. Well, then, why not ride along tracks already laid and used by all businesses? Why not go via the letter route, since it means adding but a little spur of our own?

Since the letter route is the main or the trunk line, over which the prospect rides, let us dig into its possibilities. A simple classification divides printed-matter going along the letter

route into three broad classes : First, the sealed envelope. Second, the unsealed envelope. Third, mail-matter without envelopes at all.

There are many subdivisions. In the first class are the wrappers or the envelopes. How can you enhance their value in an advertising and selling sense? Experiment. Then the letter-head. Most concerns have but one form. How can you improve this standard form ? Lay out letter-heads for various sales letters. I devised a letter-head — a novelty letter-head, I call it — in two colors, warm and cold. The warm ran in a border around the page ; the copy in two colors at the top; and at the bottom was inserted an oblong panel with the words, “ Con¬ cern,” “Address,” and “Attention of,” one under the other, followed by three lines of lead¬ ers. The idea was, all the recipient had to do was to follow the admonition in the body of the form letter (toward the close) and fill out the three blank lines, then mail back the letter in an enclosed envelope to receive further particulars, goods, etc. I designed similar letter-heads of this novelty style for four different businesses, and the returns in each case were surprisingly large.

Many current letter-heads can be corrected. I did some advertising work for a furrier who had a letter-head most grotesque, albeit expen¬ sive, printed in four colors and gold. It was an elaborate smudge. The envelope, too, had the same design in miniature for a corner-card, and was unintelligible. A neat two-color letter¬ head and envelope reduced the cost of printing considerably. Any printer could have set up in type something better than the monstrosity, and gained in confidence and increased business what he lost on the additional impressions.

Another subdivision of the first class is the enclosure that may go with the letter. There are booklets, leaflets, return envelopes, order forms, blanks of all kinds, post-cards, fac-simile testimonials, coin-cards, small envelopes for stamps, blotters, calendars, sample-cards hold¬ ing swatches, bulletins, reprints of advertise¬ ments, etc. Make up your own detailed list of possible envelope enclosures, adding original conceptions from time to time. In working along this direction, remember that the salient argument for the envelope enclosure is this: That the sales letter must be cleared of matter

THE INLAND PRINTER

35

better in evidence as an enclosure, in order that the human side of salesmanship may have free swing. Arguments, logic, prices, etc., are for¬ tified by a typographical attire. Persuasion, human interest, the play upon the emotions — these belong to the letter, which is the most inti¬ mate form of advertising.

As with the first class, so with the second and third classes going over the letter route. To the second belong catalogues, booklets, samples, etc. To the third, all manner of direct-mail matter. The printer should gather samples of all classes, to be filed for future study. They will prove a veritable mine of usable sugges¬ tions, of practical use every day.

Do not think you begin your service by announcing to your present customers and to those whom you would have as customers your readiness to serve them, for this is merely inci¬ dental. What printed-matter is issued on the subject is, after all, an announcement even though you do urge instant or early acceptance of such service. Things are accomplished by doing, not by a declaration of willingness to do. By all means, let people know you are prepared to serve them; do not stop there, or keep on announcing, but march ahead and assist them. Use initiative.

The easiest way is to work upon a few of your choice customers. You have — every printer should have — a file containing at least one specimen of each job of each account. Delve into one file at a time and see what you, your advertising man, your entire force can evolve in the way of a sales idea worthy of being clothed in type and applicable to that one busi¬ ness or to several. Then make up your dummy, with copy, and hie away to the customer. Be sure you have attended to details; that you are conversant with all arguments in favor of your idea; have different samples of stock; are pre¬ pared to submit alternative or modified sugges¬ tions; are ready to quote prices and delivery. At this stage, you have something definite, some¬ thing tangible to sell to your customer. If your ability as a salesman is slight, get some one with ability more pronounced. This is all important, since further business hinges upon it. Once you sell a customer in this way, and you please him, you gain his confidence; and it will surprise you to find how often you will be called to confer

with him relative to his sales problems. Natu¬ rally, you may not score the first time. Try again. You should file the data, however, as it may be used in original or altered form on some other proposition.

It is well for the printer to make it his policy to present his ideas in a pleasing manner. Food served by well-groomed servants, in elegant ware, with clean linen, sparkling silver, soft music, make satisfaction the more complete and the edibles more palatable. One large publish¬ ing house maintains a “ make-it-pay ” depart¬ ment. They submit their ideas to advertisers, the artwork and copy of a good grade, all be¬ tween an attractively printed folder designed to play up the contents. Ever consider the presen¬ tation. In fact, as you progress and your judg¬ ment in these matters matures — when you come to really know the requirements of particular companies — when you create some new and interesting idea — get out a press proof, an actual sample of what you intend furnishing, with the concern’s name on it, and all.

A critical reader might say that we, in this way, focus too much attention upon customers and that new accounts are thereby not secured. The answer is that it is best to exhaust present resources; that it is easier to secure a foothold in organizations with which you have had deal¬ ings. Remember, it takes but a few good accounts to put an advertising agency upon a profitable basis. If you can get all the printing of some of your customers, and can get them to use more printing for the benefit of all parties concerned, you will gain as much and perhaps more than is to be derived from the acquisition of further accounts. The central idea, as the caption of this article reads, is “ how to start.” And immaterial from what angle you render service, you have already begun so far as your customers are concerned.

Now, then, to show how to fit the extensive method or system into our scheme of “ a produc¬ tive advertising service.” Extend in order to intensify. Utilize the extensive system — the “scattered” method — as a finder.

One way to work the extensive system is to mail to commercial houses an offer of something concrete, such as a series of letter-heads, criti¬ cism of current printed-matter, copy for sales letters, booklets, etc., the use of stock cuts free,

36

THE INLAND PRINTER

or offer a specialty in printing originated in your plant and successfully tried out. If the average of returns warrants, the same proposition may be repeated on all kinds of lists. A pulling stunt of this nature proves worthy of extension to distant cities. Here, permit me to suggest that should you conceive of and develop some print¬ ing specialty that pays — a happy thought that proved profitable to the first customer or two on whom you tried it — safeguard it and make it exclusively your own through legal registra¬ tion. I have in mind a mailing-folder with cir¬ cles, squares and other geometrical figures cut out by dies, and which folders, when ready for mailing, upon pressure applied at the edges reveal a progressive picture as the first illustra¬ tion framed by the cut-out shifts. They are called “moving-picture folders,” and no doubt the originator sells many stock and especially designed folders at a good price. A New York printer has a small envelope enclosure that folds to show a portion of a fac-simile check on top. The customer’s copy is printed at the same time with the check plate. Both these ideas have been protected.

Another manner of following the extensive system is in your own town. The list of pros¬ pective patrons must be compiled with care. Put down well-rated concerns, preference being given to advertisers in various publications. Plan your entire campaign in advance, not one piece of mail-matter at a time. Have your plan em¬ brace mailing dates and full details; in other words, let your plan be a schedule as well. Adhere to that plan, whatever the results of the first few mailings. Send something different each time : a letter, a folder, a booklet, a mes¬ sage-gram. Make provision, too, at a predeter¬ mined date, to start one or more men to follow up those companies who do not respond. These men are to get orders, if possible. But impress upon them that they are to bring back from each place visited as complete a collection of the com¬ pany’s printed-matter as possible.

I wish to recall, at this point, the question of proper presentation. Your salesmen should be provided with ample samples put up neatly. For instance, if you are soliciting orders for letter-heads, have samples of letter-heads bound between leather covers, with the name of your organization in gold lettering, and also an

explanatory line — Advertising Service Depart¬ ment. Inasmuch as you are rendering adver¬ tising service, do not show blank letter-heads, but letter-heads with form letters printed there¬ on. In the same manner, be attentive to all phases of the problem. Be intensive. The material these men gather should be handled in the way you went through your customers’ files.

So far, we have treated the subject matter from the angle of the medium sized or large commercial house. It would be unwise to con¬ clude without viewing the ordinary retailer, a good subject for intensive and extensive culti¬ vation. The average retailer does not require printing in quantities. Five hundred letter-heads and envelopes last him a long while. Occasion¬ ally, you may run across a small merchant who, of his own accord, has cheap hand-bills printed and distributes them in his neighborhood.

Yet I know of a concern which serves scores of druggists in Greater New York, and perhaps other cities, supplying them with a series of dis¬ play-cards. Another concern applies the same idea to butchers, and furnishes the paper strips, with the names of the different meats and cuts printed thereon, for pasting on to the store windows. One Western printer makes most of his profit by printing laundry slips. He is able to give a better grade of stock, and his slips are distinctive because printed in two colors. So successful has been this branch of his trade that he recently installed an automatic two-color press which runs on his laundry slips exclusively. A late investigation satisfied me that his par¬ ticular field is by no means covered. Were I a printer I would have my artist draw several attractive border designs for the type-matter of my laundry slips. I would retain my trade by having each customer’s name and address hand- lettered and printed from an individual plate with a little characteristic slogan of my own devising printed beneath.

Real advertising service can be rendered the small retailer. Take the druggist, the hardware store, the grocery man — how many of their customers know just what is carried in stock? Take the optician, the candy store and others. Are their businesses so prosaic, so arid, so com¬ monplace that nothing can be said that their customers will be pleased to read — to know? A little plowing here will turn up many profitable

THE INLAND PRINTER

37

ideas. Then, if you can not sell the retailer on advertising service, sell him advertising-matter through an appeal to his vanity. Arm yourself or one of your employees with a camera, film¬ loading, and go the rounds. Snap interiors, exteriors, above all a “ close-up ” of the proprie¬ tor. Develop and print the films and paste the prints on your dummy blotters, circulars, book¬ lets, etc. Show the retailer himself, as he will look in print, and the appeal is often too strong for any but feeble resistance. Of course, when quoting, costs should be considered, including enlarging of negatives and retouching, since the

photographs for the most part will be crude. A camera of the Graflex or Reflex type, such as used by newspaper men, is best. But I have obtained splendid results with a little six-dollar camera as well.

The foregoing is but suggestive. All that I have endeavored to accomplish is to point out a path to more business through closer coopera¬ tion between the buyer of printing and the pro¬ ducer. And as the buyer will not, the printer should make the contact through a service wider in scope than he is now rendering; in other words, through true, effective advertising service.

A SALESMAN IN BLUNDER » LAND

THE FIFTH YEAR — By MICHAEL GROSS

SOME one, I can’t remember who, once said or wrote: “A salesman that han¬ dles a side-line is like a fellow courting two girls. He’s bound to be caught and lose the best one, and he’ll never be happy with the other one.” Words true as gospel, but it wasn’t until my fifth year in Blunder-Land that I proved it to my own satisfaction.

Despite my many blunders, in the five years I had built up quite a trade and my sales were steadily mounting. But, as is usually the case when a salesman makes more money than he needs, I found that I needed more money than I made. It was just about this time that a friend of mine went into the electric flasher-sign busi¬ ness, and, flashers being practically a new thing then, he soon had orders enough to keep him tied down in his shop filling them.

One day, after lunching with him at his invi¬ tation, he showed me a pocketful of contracts that he had received in the morning’s mail. “ I’ve heard you say,” he began, “ that you could use more money. Now, here’s your chance to earn, in a few minutes’ spare time, again as much as you now get for a week of selling printed- matter. You see,” he went on, “it isn’t neces¬ sary to sell my line ; it sells itself. All you have to do is walk around an hour or so each day and collect orders. You show a man photo¬ graphs of the different styles of flashers we make, let him pick out the one he wants, get his copy and have him make out an order. Simple,

isn’t it? I’ll give you twenty per cent of your sales. If you only sell one two-hundred-dollar sign a week you’ve made forty dollars, and you surely can sell that.”

Thus outlined, the proposition certainly looked rosy, and I said I would chance it. My friend gave me a brief lesson in the essential talking points and I left, promising to solicit orders for his line at the first leisure moment. Luckily, the very next day I found myself with seven hours to spare. You say it is impossible to have seven spare hours out of an eight-hour day? Evidently you have never taken out a side-line at which you thought you could make more money than by selling your regular stuff.

My friend had certainly not exaggerated the merits of the proposition, for the very first hour I ran across a concern that wanted a flasher- sign for the front of its retail store. It hap¬ pened to be one of my regular customers, too — the Calkins Candy Company — and I killed two birds with one stone, for Mr. Calkins also wanted a sketch made up for a show-card. I rushed back to my office, put in the request for a show-card design, and then streaked it for my friend’s place to get his flasher-sign sketches. Within an hour I had returned to Mr. Calkins, he had selected the style of sign he wanted, given me the copy and handed me an order for one electric flasher at $150, which meant $30 in commission for me. When I collected my com¬ mission, on handing the order to my friend a

38

THE INLAND PRINTER

little while later, I thought it was the easiest money I had ever earned, and actually hated myself for not waking up sooner.

In a week the show-card sketch was ready and I took it around to Mr. Calkins. “I didn’t

get that electric sign I gave you an order for,” he told me as soon as I came in.

“Oh, we’re working on it,” I said. “You ought to get it most any day now.” I showed him my sketch, was asked to leave it, and then, considering the rest of the day as spare time, I went out after more electric sign orders. When I got back that night, my boss called me into his private office. “ Did you put in a good day’s work today?” was the first question he asked.

Surprised, I stammered out that I had surely worked hard.

“For this firm?” was his next question.

I couldn’t make out what he was driving at, and my puzzled expression must have betrayed the fact, for the boss started to explain. “About two hours ago,” he began, “ Mr. Calkins, of the Calkins Candy Company, called up and said that he had the sign you made for him, but wanted a few slight changes in it. He asked whether we couldn’t send over a man to make them. I remembered the sketch you had submitted to him this morning, and told him it would be better if he sent it back and let us fix it up here. He seemed surprised at my suggestion, but said he would do it that way if I preferred it. About an hour later, a motor-truck drove up to the building. Four men jumped off and lifted down a large electric sign. They carried it through the door and I had just begun to wonder, as I watched them from our window, where they were going, when the freight-elevator doors

opened and in they came to our place with the sign. ‘Is this the Blank Printing Company?’ the leader asked. I said that it was. ‘Well, here’s the sign that Mr. Calkins called up about. He wants the top line of letters shaded in black.’

Thinking' that there had been a mistake, I called Up Mr. Calkins. He told me he had bought the sign from you, but, having forgotten which one of your houses it came from, had called us up on a chance. When I told him to send the sign right over, he naturally thought he was on the right track, but a little while later, hap¬ pening to notice the name on the bill, he saw his mis¬ take and was just going to call me when I phoned him. It was a very annoying mix-up.

“Now, here’s the point,” the boss went on; “unless you sold Mr. Calkins this sign at night,

a fact I very much doubt, you used the time I was paying you for to do it, which is just as much a form of robbery as if you had put your hand

THE INLAND PRINTER

39

into my pocket and taken the money out. Do you realize that fact? ”

Put in this manner, I would have had to be mighty dense not to see the logic of the state¬ ment. I confessed that, while it had never struck me that way, I realized the truth of the charge, and promised to swear olf side-lines for good. Since that time I have found that the most fun and the most money lay in bucking one line and bucking it with all your might, main and brain.

Determined to show the boss that I was thor¬ oughly repentant, I now buckled down to work in earnest and for three months things went along so smooth that I prided myself on being completely out of Blunder-Land. But pride goeth before a fall, and all too soon the crash came. I had gone to hear a celebrated sales- manager speak one evening on the subject of getting under the customer’s skin. Don’t just sell a man, he advocated, make a friend of him; know his history, his habits and his hobbies.

The lecture made a deep impression on me and I decided to put the theory into practice. Accordingly, at my first call the next day, I asked the office boy, before I entered my man’s office, what hobby his boss was interested in. “ He’s a nut on photography,” the boy assured me, and, being an amateur photographer myself, I fig¬ ured the order was as good as mine.

I hadn’t spoken to my man five minutes when I managed to switch the conversation around to photography and he bit like a hungry trout. We had been discussing the subject for about an hour, and I had almost begun to believe that sales-manager had the right idea, when my man mentioned that he intended taking some snap-1 shots in his house the following Sunday.

“You don’t mean snap-shots,” I corrected him. “You mean time exposures. Snap-shots taken indoors will be underexposed.”

“ Like fun they’ll be,” my man answered. “ I know better.”

Now this was sheer foolishness, for I had learned, from six years’ experience, that the thing was impossible. At the end of an hour I had succeeded in convincing the customer that I was right, but — and mark this well — the argu¬ ment, and the fact that he had to admit defeat, so incensed my customer that I lost the order that I had come in for. Since that time I have always found it much better, in dealing with a

customer, to lose an argument and book an order than to win the argument and lose an order; also, that the more you confine your talk to busi¬ ness in a man’s office, the better off you will be and the closer you will get to your customer, especially if your line interests him.

He read me the riot act good and proper.

At about this time I commenced looking on myself as a real salesman and started running around with the real salesmen from several other shops. They speedily convinced me that real salesmen get orders without having to use the old-fashioned method of hustling for them, and so, on very hot days, they would drag me down to the beach with them for a swim. About four-thirty in the afternoon I would call up the boss, tell him I was detained at a customer’s and would not be back. Oh, yes, I learned the tricks of real salesmen very fast. I found that even with taking a day or two off this way every week I still sold above my quota, so my con¬ science did not give me any trouble. If it had, I would have soothed it with that ancient argu¬ ment that the other salesmen speedily taught me : “ The boss is paying us for selling stuff, not for working hours. If you could get orders at midnight, sleep all day and still sell your quota, he would be satisfied. All he wants is orders.” I did not realize then that the man who takes it easy is on the road to incompetence, while the

40

THE INLAND PRINTER

fellow who loafs on the job and thinks he is fool¬ ing the boss is only fooling himself.

One hot, sweltering day in August after a nice afternoon spent in the surf, I decided it was time to call up the boss and give him my daily spiel. I got my office on the bath-house telephone, told the boss I was down-town, and did not believe

I could finish my list in time to get back. The boss said I could go home when I was through. I hung up the receiver and walked out to the end of the raft. I was just about to dive off, when the bath-house keeper called to me that I was wanted on the telephone. One of the other salesmen, having agreed to meet me at the bath¬ house that afternoon, failed to appear, and I, of course, imagined that he was telephoning me now to make his belated excuses. I ran to the telephone, took down the receiver and said “Hello.” The voice I heard in answer to my greeting nearly knocked me over. It was the boss. “ What street did you say you were in down-town?” he asked. “I didn’t quite get it before; I believe some one cut us off.” By the very nature of the question I naturally inferred that the boss did not know where I had really called from, so I said I was in Market street.

“Good!” he said. “Mr. Smith, one of our old accounts on the same street, just called up on another wire and wants a man to come right over. I told the operator to say you would be there in a few minutes. Can I depend on you ? ”

What could I say? “I’m afraid I’ll be at this man’s office too late,” I finally stammered out, in desperation.

“You won’t be, if you do as I tell you,” the boss answered, in a voice that I knew, from pre¬ vious experience, meant fire-works. “Just take two more dives, get your hair good and dry, then run over to see Smith” — and with that parting shot, I heard the “ clickety-click ” as the boss hung up his re¬ ceiver.

There was a late-after- noon ocean-breeze blowing and I was in my bathing-suit, but I certainly sweated for the next few minutes. That the boss knew where I was, I was now certain. How he found out, I did not discover until the next morning, when one of the salesmen who had been in the office at the time told me all about it. It seems that as soon as I got through telephoning, someone called me on another wire and the switchboard operator had shouted to the boss to try and hold me. But I had already rung off and the boss immediately called Central and asked to be again connected with the num¬ ber that had just called. In a few minutes he had the connection, but a strange voice answered his greeting. Surprised, he asked who was on the wire, and the man — who happened to be the bath-house keeper that had called me to the telephone — told him what and where the place was. That woke the boss. He asked that I be put on the telephone again and what followed, I knew only too well.

When the boss came in that morning, he read me the riot act good and proper. I think it was the closest he ever came to firing me outright. Despite my blunders, he had always seemed to see some good in me and had invariably forgiven my mistakes cheerfully and willingly, realizing that I was doing my best. But for shirking he could find no excuse and he said he was through. I was so contrite, however, and seemed so con¬ science-stricken, that he let me off. The boss was certainly blessed with a kind heart.

THE INLAND PRINTER

41

As I ponder, in retrospection, on my next blunder, I can not help thinking that it is the only one that could just as readily happen to me now, for I have always had, and still carry, a soft spot in my heart for the ladies.

I called on one of my customers one morning, and the first thing I noticed, as I entered his office, was the new typist — a sweet, demure little blond. She looked so bewitching that I just stood and stared. My customer, seated across the room from the girl, must have noticed the direction of my glance, for he smiled and said: “ Pretty nice, eh? ”

“Certainly is,” I heartily agreed. “You can’t blame me for looking.”

“ No, I can’t,” my customer admitted frankly. “ I’m rather glad that an experienced man like you is interested enough to look.”

I did not know just how to take this, but, deciding it was meant as flattery, I said : “ I don’t think you’ll find many that won’t stop and look.”

“Nothing will please me better,” my man answered, to my intense surprise.

“The trouble is,” I assured him, “most peo¬ ple won’t be satisfied with just one look. They’ll all want to stop, stand and stare.”

“ I hope they do,” came back the mystifying

answer. “ The more they stare the better they’ll remember, and the better will be results.”

“What do you mean, ‘results,’” I asked lightly, although I was wondering what he was driving at.

“ Why,” he answered, “ don’t you see that the more people are attracted and the more they stop and stare, the more apt they will be to buy?”

“ Buy ! ” I snapped out, flushing guiltily at the very connotations of the word. “ I’ll bet my right arm a king’s ransom couldn’t buy that girl.”

“Girl? What girl?” my customer asked in evident bewilderment.

“Your new stenographer, sitting across the room there. The one you’re talking about,” I answered hotly.

“The one I’m talking about,” my customer almost screamed. “Why, you simpleton, I’m talking about the show-card I’ve just bought; the one that’s hanging right over her head. Wasn’t that what you were looking at before? ”

Of course, I had all I could do to convince my customer that I ever thought of anything else but girls, but even now I believe that, given the choice between looking at a beautiful piece of printing or a beautiful girl, I would choose the girl every time.

PRACTICAL HINTS ON EMBOSSING

By ROBERT F. SALADE

MANY printing craftsmen and others have, no doubt, often ad¬ mired the excellent advertising literature which comes at inter¬ vals from the specimen-printing department of the Keystone Type Foundry, Philadelphia. All of the typographers, pressmen, bookbinders, etc., employed in this private plant are artists in their lines, but the man who plans and directs the work — Charles W. Smith, superintendent — is an art-printer of great skill. For more than two decades Mr. Smith has been design¬ ing practically all of the attractive publicity matter sent out by this house. He is not only a highly educated typographer, and an expert layer-out and designer; in addition, he is a

trained platen and cylinder pressman, and has rather an extensive knowledge of intricate paper-cutting, bookbinding, stitching-machines, folders, saw-trimmers, perforating-machines and other devices of this class.

Among the leading products turned out in this establishment is a great deal of process colorwork, commercial art printing, half-tone plates and embossing. It is with the embossing that this article is chiefly concerned. In this plant much really beautiful embossing is being produced under the direction of Charles W. Smith. Fine embossing — large portraits of immortals like Benjamin Franklin, and other figure work — is one of his first-rank hobbies. It is very interesting for the lover of art-

42

THE INLAND PRINTER

printing to watch Mr. Smith directing one of his skilled platen pressmen in the intricacies of embossing. He does not sit at a desk and ex¬ plain his ideas; instead, he stands right in front of the machine involved. Occasionally he takes off his office coat to do some difficult piece of work himself. Recently, the writer was fortu¬ nate in being able to see Mr. Smith directing the make-ready of an unusually deep embossing- die. The subject was a large portrait. The press being used for the work was equipped with an electric plate-heater.

The following technical information is of¬ fered for the benefit of printers who may desire to know some facts about the practical side of embossing as done on ordinary platen presses. Mind, these facts are from one of the leading printing craftsmen in the country — a man who is a master of art printing and embossing. This information should be of priceless value to the pressman who is not an expert in the work of embossing.

“If you have no objection, give me an idea of your method of embossing,” the writer asked of Mr. Smith.

“Well, first the platen is stripped of every¬ thing, and if the clamps are in any way loose, they are held tightly by inserting a few small pieces of paper between the clamps and the platen,” began Mr. Smith.

“Next, a sheet of common book-paper, about an inch larger all around than the stock to be embossed, is glued to the platen. This sheet is rubbed with the hand until it is smooth and almost dry. Over this is then glued a sheet of strawboard, chip-board or pulp-board, about the same size as the paper. I think that the strawboard is best for the foundation for the male die, or counter, in embossing. However, the chip-board, or pulp-board, may be used, although they are not so hard and tough as the strawboard.

“Through pasting the sheet of paper to the platen of the press, and then applying the board, the latter adheres more firmly than if it were stuck directly to the platen.

“We use one of the hot-embossers. These devices consist of a steel base which is locked up in a form in the same manner as type or plates. The base is so constructed that the brass female die can be attached to it in any

desired position by means of screws. Insu¬ lated wire leads from the plate-heater to the electric-light socket over the press. Three dif¬ ferent degrees of heat may be obtained. These electric hot-embossers, or embossing-plate heat¬ ers, can be used on any make of platen press with success. Of course, the Universal type of press gives the best results in heavy embossing, on account of the powerful construction of such machines.

“We have done very good cold embossing on various kinds of platen presses; but, with¬ out question, the electric hot-embossing is the more sharp and lasting. For extra large embossing-dies regular embossing-presses, steam or electrically heated, should be used. I must say, however, that we handle some heavy and deep figure dies on regular platen presses with¬ out any trouble.

“ Cutting and building up the counter, or male, die properly is the principal thing in em¬ bossing. This is especially true when making ready the counter for a figure die such as a portrait, form of a human, animal, etc. The round curves, ‘ hills and hollows,’ as well as the fine lines in plates of this class, must be worked up in the counter with great care and skill. It is not a good plan for the pressman to let the embossing composition care for all the detail.

“ Our system of making the counter, or male, die is as follows: An inked impression of the female die is printed on the strawboard foun¬ dation on the platen. Then a number of inked impressions of the female die are taken on kid- finish stock. Suppose the subject is the bust of a woman : Small circles and ovals are cut from the various rounded places in the prints, and the pieces of kid-finish stock are then pasted in proper position on the foundation strawboard. After the first cut-outs have been pasted on, others slightly larger are pasted over them. This is done with half a dozen of the kid-finish sheets until all of the round and oval parts of the subject printed on the strawboard have been worked up accurately. The embossing compo¬ sition should then be applied, after having ‘ pounded up ’ the foundation of kid-finish stock by taking a number of impressions.

“ In our experience, the best embossing com¬ position is that formed of Alabastine, fish-glue and sodium silicate. First, the Alabastine and

THE INLAND PRINTER

43

fish-glue are mixed to the consistency of soft putty. Then, just previous to putting on the composition, a small quantity of the sodium sil¬ icate is added. This formula will dry as hard as glass, and it will stand up for a very long run, doing good work throughout.

“The composition is applied sparingly over the foundation of kid-finish stock. A sheet of French folio is spread over the composition mass before taking the first impression. The efficient pressman will hold a sheet of oiled tis¬ sue or folio between the die and the counter while the male die is being ‘ pounded up.’ It is well to have the female die heated when working up the detail in the counter-die. The press should be run for several minutes so that every crevice in the female die will come out sharp and clear in the counter.

“When making a counter-die for embossing lettering, panels, and other plates not classed as figure dies, the flat portions of the counter¬ die should be carefully cut away. A sharp make-ready knife is used, and the cutting is done as close to the relief work as possible. This cutting should be done on a bevel. When all of the flat parts of the counter are cut away, there is nothing to prevent the raised detail from entering the intaglio plate to its full capac¬ ity. This means perfect embossing, provided

the carving in the plate is not too deep for the kind of stock used. In cases where the female die is too deep, causing the embossed sections of the stock to break, a sheet of tin-foil is laid over the female die to reduce its sharpness. Of course, the sheet of tin-foil is to remain over the die during the entire run.

“ Cutting away the flat or blank portions of the male die not only eliminates unsightly ‘ iron¬ ing’ in the finished product, but it reduces the impressional strain on the press as well. After all of the cutting has been done, a sheet of light-weight gummed paper may be pasted over the entire make-ready so as to make it smooth for feeding purposes. Pull a number of impres¬ sions before the gummed paper becomes dry, so that the sharpness of the counter will not be impaired.

“Whenever possible, an embossing form should be made ready toward the end of the work-day so that the counter-die may dry firm over night. Otherwise the counter should stand for at least an hour before proceeding with the run.

“ In cases of very long runs of heavy emboss¬ ing, it may be essential to repair the counter-die occasionally. This can be done by ‘ patching up ’ with a little of the composition, allowing it to dry, as with the regular male die.’’

FROM COPYHOLDER TO PROOFREADER

No. i.— By H. B. COOPER

NOT “ From Log Cabin to White House,” though a part of our journey to achievement is by the same long, yellow, dusty road that Abraham Lincoln traveled. Thank God for that old, winding way, with its associations, and that we may walk in it! Most of us do not have to start at the log cabin, and we never get in sight of the White House. But, for a little stretch, until we reach circumstantial or self- imposed limits, we are permitted to keep com¬ pany with other travelers who are pressing onward to make the utmost that is possible out of their lives.

The proofreader’s goal is somewhere, not so very far, along this road. We have learned to

do our share of the world’s work by helping others to do theirs more perfectly. We love books, and we are content to live in a sort of No Man’s Land, bounded on one side by the colony of literary folk — book men, magazine men, newspaper men — and on the other by representatives of the typographical art. We are a submerged class, our names unknown, and not for a million dollars could there be pur¬ chased for advertising or other purposes a com¬ prehensive list of proofreaders throughout the country. At the same time, no book is pub¬ lished without the aid that we are so ready to give — that we have learned to give by keeping in touch continually with our neighbors on both sides. They come to us, knowing well that we

44

THE INLAND PRINTER

understand what they want and can get it done for them. Literary folk pay us money to read their books and to bring them up to typograph¬ ical standards, while printers are dependent upon our keeping their work up to a standard of literary excellence. Between them, we find enough to do; sometimes more than we can do.

From the proofreader’s point of view the goal is “ somewhere, not so very far,” along the road. From the copyholder’s view-point it seems very, very far — almost unattainable. I know, because I have been a copyholder my¬ self. And there was no one to show me the way; I had to find out for myself that it took years of development along two different lines, as hinted at in the preceding paragraph. Be¬ sides, these lines did not run parallel for me. When I was at school I could not make any headway with proofreading — indeed, I forgot all about it, and prepared myself to be a teacher; when, during vacations, I was copy¬ holding and setting type at the case I was in another world from my school friends, but there I could not make any headway in proof¬ reading either. It was not until there was a “merger” between the two that I discovered I had an aptitude for what has since proved to be my life-work.

I am writing this article for copyholders, and I wish that only the ambitious ones would ever begin the work that may or may not lead to proofreading. I have known so many of an¬ other type, whom I would weed out of the

ranks if I could. There was Mamie - , who

did not so much as try. Ignorant? Of course. Making mistakes from morning to night, and not caring! One day, instead of writing “ Chi¬ cago, Ill.,” as she was directed to do on a pack¬ age of proofs to be mailed to Chicago, she wrote “ Chic, Ill.,” and was ready to let it go at that. When I asked her to write “ Chicago ” in full, she refused me pointblank with the words, “I’m going home. Where’s me money?” I have never forgotten it: “Where’s me money?” What do you think of her as a proof¬ reader in the bud?

Then there were two boys who I am afraid were “ lazy, good for nothing,” though I never actually call anybody that. They were mixed in with a number of other coypholders, some of whom were most responsive when called. It

gave the good-for-naughts the chance they were looking for, to shirk; and they began to vie with each other as to which could do the less work in a day. Finally they came to an agree¬ ment, and shook hands upon it every morning, that neither should do any work at all, except as he was called by name and ordered to do it. We had to collar the boys, almost, if we wanted them to do any reading for us after that. And always, to start the day, was that paralyzing handshake by way of agreement that they would “ soldier ” !

All over the country dozens of young people, fitted for copyholding or not, are every day being hired or fired. Regardless of such essen¬ tials as a fair education, adaptability to the work of a proofroom, good health, good eye¬ sight, punctuality, proper deportment toward proofreaders, pronunciation in helpful copy¬ holding, they are provided as “helpers” — or “hinderers” — to the long-suffering proofread¬ ers, who must get along with them for a time, at least, until better ones can be found. And in the intervals when copyholders are not needed to hold copy, and have nothing to do, many are apt to get worse instead of better by reading the trash they ordinarily indulge in.

Just at this point in my writing I was called from my desk by a man who knew of my inter¬ est in one of the new “ systems ” which is ad¬ vertised to supersede stenography. It is the “ machine way,” and alleged to be faster, plainer, easier, and all the rest ! He wanted to enroll me as a student at the business college which has bought fifty machines and signed an exclusive contract to teach all applicants in this city. I asked explicitly for terms. “ Only blank dollars a week,” he answered, “ for a course lasting about four to six months — though we do not limit it, the length of time depending upon the individual student. After that you will be able to command a twenty to thirty-five dollar position — indeed, the posi¬ tions are going begging, for there are not quali¬ fied students enough to fill them.” “ Do you allow the students to use your machines while learning? ” I inquired. “ No, they pay fifty-odd dollars for a machine of their own at the begin¬ ning of the course,” he answered rather uncom¬ fortably, as though he wished I would say no more about that part of it. But I was inter-

THE INLAND PRINTER

45

ested, and I exclaimed: “What! Make stu¬ dents buy their machines before they know whether they are going to like the new system, or succeed with it! That is putting up a big stake.” “It is a big stake,” he admitted. “You tie them all up at the start!” “We have to tie them up — just like children. Then they keep at work until they have finished. Other¬ wise they would not practice. As it is, we have taught the course already to more than a hun¬ dred persons, and not a trifler among them. Can you beat that?”

Now, my readers, remember at just what point of this article I was interrupted. I was telling about the triflers that drift into proof¬ rooms all over the country, with no intention to stay or to learn. Is it strange that what my caller told me fitted right into my story, and I wanted to hang up a sign over every proofroom door: “No Triflers Admitted” ?

At least I will hang it up here before I con¬ tinue my discussion of the subject, “ From Copyholder to Proofreader.” It is no four months’ course, but rather four years of prep¬ aration that I am talking about to copyholders who are in earnest. I wish we could require them to put up a big stake, not only to keep the triflers out, but to help win success for all who are worthy.

With the exclusion of triflers and those who are physically and mentally unfit to hold respon¬ sible positions, it is still a great problem how to keep copyholders from falling by the wayside. Some quickly learn the routine of the proof¬ room; being excellent readers of copy, and orderly in marking and putting away the proof sheets, they are a great help to the proofreader; they are supposed to keep tab on everything that passes through the proofroom, to be able to find anything immediately when it is called for, to take messages to the compositors, to carry proof sheets back and forth, etc. The more a copyholder learns to help in a proof¬ room, the more the proofreader is apt to recip¬ rocate in little ways, by showing how things are done, and why. There is a great giving away of professional secrets in a proofroom, and reserves are broken down between proofreader and copyholder when they are mutually con¬ genial. It is an opportunity for the copyholder to learn everything there is to learn about

proofreading, if things could be learned simply by looking on. As a matter of fact, however, immaturity of mind is a serious barrier to ac¬ quisition, and many copyholders have no grasp at all of what is most important.

Revising is more or less routine work, though it is responsible work that only the best copy- holders can be trusted to do. Some of them learn to be wizards at it. The best reviser that I ever had was a girl getting only ten dollars a week until I made representations to the fore¬ man that brought her an increase to twelve. At the same time he told her that she had reached the limit for that office. Her reading of copy was faultless, so that we never misunderstood each other; and her revising gave me a sense of security that nothing would go wrong. She was alert and watchful continually. I felt sure that she would make a good proofreader. “Next time you want a raise,” I said to her, “you can not get it in this office, but you can get it outside. Take your life in your hand and make the venture. There is no reason in the world why you should not succeed.” “Yes,” she said, “there is: I can not punctuate any more than a baby. I read right over the comma places without any suspicion that a comma should be there if it isn’t there. I’m afraid I’m hopeless. If I could go to an office where there was only figure work I’d go in a minute; but I couldn’t do the other. Besides, I don’t have to go. I can have lots of pretty clothes and good times on twelve dollars a week, without risking the loss of my position.”

“Ah,” I thought, “she is not willing to put up the stake, because she doesn’t have to. I could teach her about the commas if she really had a mind to learn, just as I taught myself when the law of necessity ruled my life. The time came when I had to learn about the com¬ mas — I learned them all right.”

It was only another illustration of how from the beginning until now Nature has subjected us all to the law of necessity, to bring out the best that is in us. Where there is no necessity to do, there is often “nothing doing.”

But would the copyholders for whom I am writing like to hear the story of how I learned about the commas? It may contain some helps and suggestions for them, so I will not forget to tell it in the next issue.

46

THE INLAND PRINTER

THE ONE HUMAN WEAKNESS

By EDGAR WHITE

SAID an old editor to me when I was floundering about the edges of news- paperdom : “ Get all the names you can. Don’t mind those who say they would rather not get in print — that is affected mod¬ esty. They all like it, and they will like you all the better for getting them in as often as you can, unless they are up for stealing or wife¬ beating. Then they are a little squeamish. Otherwise, they want to be in. It is the one great human weakness.”

Experience since then has taught me the truth of the old editor’s words. I have never made a person mad by putting his name in the paper. I have often aroused deep hostility by leaving names out, even when it was done acci¬ dentally, and I have had people call at the office and give me a severe lecture because their names were omitted from reports of func¬ tions in which they took a more or less promi¬ nent part, and they nearly always attributed the neglect to ulterior motives.

Every man thinks he is blessed with more than the ordinary sense of modesty, of a desire to avoid public notice and commendation. I have had men tell me directly they did not wish their names used in connection with some event, and then become offended because they were taken seriously.

Toward the close of a dull summer, Joseph J. Heifner, editor of the Macon (Mo.) Times- Democrat, found himself in urgent need of $300 to keep things going. In early Septem¬ ber there was to be a fair and harvest home festival in his town, and he was considering a special advertising edition for the event'. But on figuring it out he could not see the $300 profit, because the expense of extra advertising men, printers and material would absorb most of the income at the prevailing advertising rate.

The money had to come and it had to come quickly. There was no alternative. The edi¬ tor worried over the problem night and day. One day an auctioneering friend came in and left copy for an advertisement, with directions to get a cut to run with it.

“ Have it double-column or bigger,” he said.

“Say, Billy,” remonstrated the editor, “you don’t want a double-column — a single will look nicer in the paper.”

The auctioneer, who was a big, rough-and- ready fellow, laughed.

“I know what you are thinking, Joe,” he said. “ That I am blessed with too much gall. But you are on the wrong mule — that is not it at all. It is not because I think I am a Polo Belva Deer, or whatever the gentleman’s name was, but it is because I want people to know what I look like so they will feel acquainted. It helps business.”

“ I know, but wouldn’t a single-column do just as well? It is much neater. Nine men out of ten would prefer the smaller cut.”

“That is just where you are dead wrong,” declared the auctioneer, “ and I dare you to make a test of it.”

“ How will you test it ? ”

“Easy enough. Tell them you are getting out a ‘ well-known citizen edition,’ and that you want their pictures to go in at $2.50 for a single-column and $5 for a double. I’ve got ten bucks that says you’ll sell more doubles than singles, and that a lot of them will stand for a three-column cut.”

“ Just the cut? ”

“Yes, with the name under it, of course.”

That would be easy money if it worked, but the editor was not so sanguine. Still he had to try so as to prove his own idea. He took samples of single and double column personal engravings to one of the leading merchants.

“ I have been thinking of getting out a pic¬ torial edition,” explained the editor, “ to be dis¬ tributed during the harvest home festival.”

“All right,” replied the merchant; “I will fetch my photograph down after dinner, and have you get a cut made.”

“Single or double?”

The merchant looked at the samples.

“I like the double best,” he said; “there is more life to it.”

After the editor had seen eight or ten pros-

THE INLAND PRINTER

47

pects the work of soliciting was practically over. The dealers started talking about the enterprise, and the news spread all over town. The butcher, the baker, the barber, the harness- maker, the ice-cream man — everybody wanted to be in as a “well-known” citizen of the town. And, of course, a well-known citizen could not think of using anything less than a double¬ column cut. Several took three-column cuts at $7.50. Not one objected to the price. It was the easiest campaign for business the editor ever conducted. Even the doctors went in, because it was not against the ethics to have your picture in the paper. In some cases a few descriptive lines were put under a cut, but even that was not demanded.

The patronage was surprising. It came from every quarter. It was the first real chance some had to get in the limelight, and they did not let it get away. The original intention was to print a ten-page paper, but the plans had to be changed swiftly for twelve, fourteen, sixteen and finally to a twenty-page edition. On the first page were a few stock cuts, local factories and buildings, some cows and mules, and a column or two of text. There was just enough reading-matter on the other pages to keep the pictures of the “ well-known ” citizens from getting too close together.

The edition netted over $300, and the people said it was the best thing ever published in the town. A great many extra copies were sold.

The auctioneer came around after it was all over and leaned on the office railing.

“Well?” he said.

Mr. Heifner produced a ten-dollar bill.

“You win,” he declared.

“ Keep it,” returned the auctioneer. “ Or, if you want to do a little something to help along, order me another cut — a three-column one this time.”

Now, the people of Macon are no different from the people in other towns. They are just humdrum humans, with the ordinary human ambitions and failings. The same plan could be carried out as successfully in any enterpris¬ ing American city. Getting right down to brass tacks, a man would rather see his picture in print than to have a column of laudation. He may be bald-headed, cross-eyed and square- jawed, but it is his head and he is proud of it. And you could not do him a greater favor than to place it where a lot of people can see it. That is why the makers of cartoons enjoy such popularity among public men. There are other human weaknesses, but this one, from Presi¬ dent down to shoe-shine artist, is common to all. Try it in your own paper.

\

THE PRINTER’S POWER

/^^^^RINTING has not yet come to its own. It is

E JV young yet, and it is democratic. It has yet to make its great record. Sweeping into its grasp the arts of the artist, the photographer, the designer, the colorist, the ' paper-maker, the engraver and the book¬ binder, and laying tribute on all the other arts, it is most directly influential in molding the thought of the nation.

— Henry Turner Bailey

THE FORCE BEHIND THE WORLD OF BUSINESS — THE PRINTER

Drawn by John T. Nolf, ex-Printer.

THE INLAND PRINTER

49

Through an oversight the name of the designer of the cover used on the September issue of The Inland Printer was omitted, and we take this opportunity to express our regret and give the proper credit. The design was one of the many submitted in the recent contest conducted through the Job Composition Department of this journal, and was the work of Fred E. Ross, of Denver, Colorado.

Look well to the efficiency of the plant. It is more necessary at present, probably, than at any other time in history. The call has come to many of our boys to give their service to the country. Before long, others will, undoubtedly, be called, and some will be taken for those industries en¬ gaged in furnishing the necessary equipment and supplies for the boys at the front. In many in¬ stances, it will be difficult to fill their places in the shop or office. Therefore, methods must be devised to increase the efficiency of the plant and enable those remaining therein to increase their produc¬ tion in order to make up for those who have gone. Labor-saving de rices and methods should be inves¬ tigated and installed, and all waste motion elimi¬ nated or reduced to a minimum.

In gathering material for his book on printing, which will be published in the near future, Mr. Charles Francis, of the Charles Francis Press, of New York, made a discovery that should cause leaders of the printing industry to take action toward having a change made in the methods of compiling the census of the industry. Printing has been placed fifth in position among the leading industries of the country by the Bureau of the Census. Not satisfied with the statistics given in the reports of the Bureau, and desiring to obtain first-hand information, Mr. Francis sent a statis¬ tician to Washington to make an examination of the records. It was found that with the manufac¬ ture of all of the products connected with printing included under one head, as they should be, the industry is rightfully entitled to third instead of fifth place. For instance, paper and the machin¬ ery used in the printing-trades are placed under 1-4

separate heads. These, and all other items con¬ nected with the production of printed matter, should be included under the one general heading, “ Printing and Allied Industries.” The importance of these industries demands this, and a movement should be started to have it done when the next census is compiled.

Labor Matters in Connection with the War.

A recent bulletin issued by a committee of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, which is cooperating with the Council of National De¬ fense, sets forth a part of the Government’s policy with regard to labor matters in connection with the war. Throughout the bulletin strong emphasis is placed upon statements of the Secretary of Labor — to whom the various government officials look for information or advice regarding labor prob¬ lems — to the effect that employers and employ¬ ees should not attempt to take advantage of the existing abnormal conditions to change the stand¬ ards which they were unable to change under nor¬ mal conditions. All agree that industrial peace should be promoted during these times of concen¬ trated national energy, and the spokesman for the Government has taken the position that industrial peace will be promoted by continuing the status existing when the war began, so far as standards of hours and recognition of unions are concerned.

A resolution submitted by the Executive Com¬ mittee of the Committee on Labor to the Council of National Defense included the following state¬ ment : “ When economic or other emergencies

arise requiring changes of standards, the same shall be made only after such proposed changes have been investigated and approved by the Coun¬ cil of National Defense.”

It can not be too strongly emphasized that the present crisis demands the greatest possible coop¬ eration between the employer and employee. The united effort of both will be necessary in order to bring about the successful termination of the war, and all should work together for that end. All differences, whatever their nature, must be settled promptly and amicably so that industry will not be impeded in any way.

50

THE INLAND PRINTER

Water-Power Legislation.

While, to many, water-power legislation may not seem to have any direct connection with the printing industry, it does have a direct bearing on the industry and is of vital importance. Bills are now before the House of Representatives and the Senate which provide for the passage of a law authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue to responsible citizens permits covering a period of fifty years, or more or less, as the one to whom the permit is issued may elect, which allow the making of improvements on water-power lands and guarantee protection by the Government.

These bills have received the endorsement of the American Newspaper Publishers’ Association, the Southern Newspaper Publishers’ Association, and other organizations, and the Committee on Paper of the first-named organization is strongly urging publishers to do all in their power to secure the passage of the bills.

It is pointed out that the proper development of much of the water power of the country would have a beneficial effect on the production of news¬ print paper, which at the present time is at a crit¬ ical stage. As has been set forth by The Fourth Estate, “ the economical manufacture of news¬ print hinges on four things: The low cost of wood ; transportation ; management ; low cost of hydroelectric power. . . . Nature has largely

segregated her natural resources in the far west¬ ern States. There the forests necessary to the manufacture of wood-pulp and paper line the banks of the falling water. Far more spruce, larch and hemlock timber is coming to fruition and wast¬ ing each year in our western forests, contiguous to also wasting water power, than is sufficient to produce, at cheapest cost, all the wood-pulp and paper required by the newspapers of this country.”

Matters of this character demand the united effort of all connected with the industry.

Short Courses for Foremen

A new departure in the extension of education in subjects pertaining to printing was inaugurated by the Iowa State College at what was called a “ Short Course in Printing,” a brief report of which appears in the news section of this issue. Heretofore the short courses that have been con¬ ducted in various sections of the country have been devoted primarily to the business or editorial sides of the country newspaper, or printing-plant, and have been open mainly to the editors or proprie¬ tors. On this occasion the course was for the fore¬ men and compositors, and the subjects selected for discussion were for their special benefit.

This should offer a good suggestion to schools or printers’ organizations in other districts. Bringing the foremen and other workers in the plants together in this way, and giving them the opportunity to listen to talks by those who are authorities in their special lines, and also to dis¬ cuss the best methods for conducting their depart¬ ments and for improving the work, would have a marked influence toward putting the business on a more profitable basis. The subjects selected should not be confined to mechanical problems, but should also deal with the business problems so as to give the workers a better understanding of what con¬ fronts the one who is distributing the product of their labor to the consumer.

Employers would be greatly benefited by send¬ ing their foremen, and, if possible, some of the other workers, to short courses of this character — to such an extent, indeed, as to warrant their bearing the expenses of the trip and paying the men for the time they are away.

“Cost of Health Supervision in Industry.”

The loss to industry through the absence of employees, caused by sickness or accident, has proved a serious problem and has directed con¬ siderable attention and investigation on the part of experts in various industries. Printing is not what is generally called a hazardous occupation; nevertheless, accidents are not infrequent, and those working at printing are not immune from sickness. In many cases, both the employer and the employee are saved considerable expense and annoyance by having minor accidents attended to immediately, or by the detection of disease or ill¬ ness while in the early stages.

An eight-page folder bearing the above title, recently issued by The Conference Board of Phy¬ sicians in Industrial Practice, contains some inter¬ esting data regarding the annual cost of health supervision, gathered from plants of various sizes and engaged in safe as well as hazardous opera¬ tions. Ninety-nine plants are listed in the table shown, two being engaged in publishing. Of these, the average number of employees in the first is given as 141 ; the second, 3,217. In the first plant the total medical and surgical cost was $56, and the average cost per employee was 40 cents. In the second the total cost was $3,417, and the aver¬ age cost $1.06. It is safe to state that the saving to both the workers and the employers far exceeded these amounts.

In view of the fact that the cost is extremely low, it would seem a wise investment for every employer to establish health-supervision service.

THE INLAND PRINTER

51

CORRESPONDENCE

While our columns are always open for the discussion of any relevant subject, we do not necessarily indorse the opinions of contributors. Anony¬ mous letters will not be noticed; therefore correspondents will please give their names — not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. All letters of more than one thousand words will be subject to revision.

MORE ABOUT COPY EDITING.

To the Editor: St. John, New Brunswick.

Mr. Salade’s article in the August number of your magazine struck a responsive chord in my experience. About eight years ago, in a large office, I was placed tem¬ porarily in charge of a battery of six monotype keyboards, just installed. They were “manned” as follows: One by a young lady compositor of ability who had had con¬ siderable experience on the keyboard; two by women compositors of all-around experience in book and job work; two by young lady typewriters, and one by a school-teacher who wished to change her vocation — the last five having been given two or three weeks’ instruc¬ tion on the machines by arrangement with the manage¬ ment of the monotype manufacturer.

The first job was a thousand-page biography for another concern, set in 12-point Scotch-face on 14-point body, in a measure not wider than eighteen ems pica. The copy was manuscript [MSS.] — put it this way: M[u]SS.[y] — irregular in style, erratic as to capital¬ ization, and spasmodic as to punctuation; the principal points being the dash ( — ) and the exclamation point (!). Worse than the average, because it had been written hur¬ riedly in collaboration, and to meet an emergency market.

At sea in regard to the qualifications of the outfit, I started in to edit the copy. While working on the second round of takes, the foreman summarily prohibited its continuance, insisting that the copy should be given out as it was, with brief instructions in regard to general style. You can imagine the result! I must confess that the school-teacher ranked next to the leader in general results, while the two compositors were the tail-enders — due, perhaps, to a deficient early education. The regu¬ lar office hands made the corrections, and in many in¬ stances could have almost set the type by hand in the time consumed. The book had to be on the market imme¬ diately — was on the press almost as soon as the revises were passed — otherwise it could hardly have gone through, for the narrow measure and the large type required the most careful handling.

In another office (both concerns were among the larg¬ est in the New England States) much of the work con¬ sisted of law briefs or bankers’ circular letters, the copy for which was generally handed in about 5:00 p.m. and the page proofs were required at eight o’clock the following morning. Here, also, the copy was divided among some half a dozen women operators, who were prohibited from working after a certain hour in the evening, each of whom had to edit her own copy under certain very “ gen¬ eral ” instructions. The corrections were made by the male compositors — most at time-and-a-half and some at double-time rates. After spending about three hours one

evening in practically resetting a galley of 11-point on 12-point, thirty ems wide, I suggested to the assistant foreman (in charge) that it would save much time and expense to have the copy edited, and was told that there was “ no time ” to do that, but to “ rush her through.” Consequently, instead of one competent editor, there were five or six, indifferently qualified, on the machines, and three or four more in the persons of “ emergency ” read¬ ers called from the office force, involving a frightful waste of time and money in the completion of the job. It some¬ times appeared as if it were deliberately intended to make the bill as large as possible.

Shortly after leaving the employ of the last concern, I am informed an “expert” was called in, at an expense of $10 a day, to practically “ show ” them, and his first pointer was: “ Edit your copy before it goes to the key¬ boards.” Very much of the “ expert ” service could be eliminated if the employers would condescend to listen to the common-sense suggestions of competent employees.

Mr. Salade’s article is so much in the line of office efficiency, and to me such a self-evident proposition, it occurred to me that it might gratify him to know of one appreciative reader. Old Timer.

A REPLY TO THE URGING OF YOUNG PRINTERS TO THE REALIZATION OF FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES.

To the Editor: Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Many articles urging the young men to wake up to the opportunities of the future have been written in your valuable trade paper, as well as others, and they always attract my attention. I have noticed that the young man is thus urged, but no definite information is put forth for him to work upon — hence this reply. I will relate as briefly as possible some of my own experiences.

At an early age I commenced an apprenticeship of seven years in an old-fashioned office in England, obtaining a fair knowledge of composition and presswork. During this period, realizing that it was necessary to get all the knowledge possible to become proficient, I attended eve¬ ning courses in a trade school. Finally I started out as a journeyman and went to work in a newspaper office to gain a practical knowledge of the linotype, make-up of the paper, and whatever else that could be laid up for future use. Following this I worked in various job-offices.

Feeling that my opportunities were limited, I came to America seven years ago and have worked on newspapers and in medium-sized job-offices, holding successfully posi¬ tions as linotype and monotype operator, compositor, stoneman and foreman, always paying attention to any changes and improvements in the trade.

Two years ago I was obliged to leave the trade owing to a general breakdown, and took up a side line of outside

52

THE INLAND PRINTER

work. After eighteen months I improved and decided to return to the craft, and I calculated that, for health rea¬ sons, it would be advisable to obtain an executive position. Being a practical man, I thought it would not be diffi¬ cult to break in, but after sending out over two hundred letters to proprietors and managers, and interviewing several printers, was surprised to find that practical knowl¬ edge did not seem to count, and no executive seemed to think it worth his while to train an ambitious and consci¬ entious, practical man to relieve him of his executive duties. Some even expected a practical man to possess the knowledge of an experienced executive already. I could very easily have taken a position by professing a knowledge that I did not possess — but, merely having the practical experience and adaptability, no chances were taken — even when the question of salary would not have prevented my acceptance of the position for the valuable experience it would offer.

I have studied and have followed the trade papers every month for some years, and in spite of past failures my ambition to become a successful printer has by no means diminished. If any one can show the “ light ” to the would-be executive, out of the thousands of young men in the trade, I feel confident that it would be appreciated.

There is room at the top, but that space will increase if the employing printers do not take an individual inter¬ est in the training of young men. An interest thus taken would prevent the ambitious printer from starting out for himself with only the workroom experience. For, if he does not fail, he will, in all probability, make the old mistakes of the past printers.

I do not lay claim to being an “ efficiency expert,” but have saved operating expenses of my employer by common sense, only to find that he took all the credit and encour¬ aged (?) further efforts by refusing to raise the wages of any employee.

No doubt there are employers that do things taking up a great deal of time in order that the coming printer may receive the benefit of their experience, but there are also many business men who write, urging the young man to be ambitious, who, if they looked around, would find very fine material patiently plodding away that would not delay taking up any prospect offered — young men that would work with diligence and most earnest application to duty in order to justify the interest that had been taken.

_ G. A. A.

“SWIFT” HAND COMPOSITION.

To the Editor: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Some time ago I saw a communication in The Inland Printer concerning some of the “ old-time swifts,” when hand-composition was still in vogue to an almost universal extent. I refer to those good old days, way back in the eighties, when a man had to do some tall hustling to hold a job on a newspaper especially, and a comp, was con¬ sidered very inferior if he could not manage to average his 1,300 to 1,500 an hour on matter off the hook, just as the copy ran. It was in those good old days when the takes, especially on a Friday night, as well as Saturday afternoons and Saturday nights, ran very heavy on “Among those present were: ” for the Sunday editions. The old-time comps, will very readily recall the time. In those days I held down a frame on one of the Philadelphia morning papers, and can remember to this day the “ hust¬ ling,” nerve-racking rush when the forms were about to be closed, and the men got two and three-line takes so as to get the late news into type in a hurry. And at that time there used to be some “ swift ” setting.

But what I wanted to write about most was a “ stunt ” that I used to work at that time, which, while not desiring to make any claim to swiftness, really brought up my average considerably with very little effort. At first, the “ method ” worked a little slow, but after some practice and patience I noticed a very great improvement in the working of it, and also a corresponding lengthening of my “ string ” at the end of the run.

I first selected some of the most used words, such as “ the,” “ and,” “ Mrs.,” etc. I would first pick up the letter “t” for the word “ the ” and then the space to be used before the word, thus picking up two types with one movement towards the stick instead of two, then I would pick up the letter “ e ” and on the downward movement also pick up the letter “ h ” at the one movement toward the stick. The same with the word “ and ” and all the other words. The object was to make as few movements with the biggest obtainable results, and you would be sur¬ prised to notice the difference in the amount of work accom¬ plished after the method once had been mastered. There is virtually no limit to the saving of unnecessary move¬ ments when you are once used to it, and after a while it comes naturally to you to pick up the letter farthest away from the stick in the hand, and as your right hand moves toward the stick to pick up the second letter. Of course, you see that it always meant the transposition of the two letters, and in setting the word “ the ” you really pick up the letters in the following rotation: “t,” “ e,” “ h and the word “ and,” “ a,” “d,” “ n,” etc., but as I said above, after a little practice the work comes naturally and with¬ out any effort. In other words, by using this method you get the benefit of three letters for every two movements you make, and when you figure the extra saving in move¬ ments in a night’s work, believe me, it amounts to quite a bit. For quite a number of years, now, I have not done much “ typesetting,” but recently, in talking over this very matter with a friend, I went to the case to give him a practical illustration of my argument, and I was sur¬ prised to find that I had lost none of the old-time method in doing this. It is just like swimming or skating — when you once know how, no difficulty is experienced if you set out to swim or skate in after years.

I am not writing this in any sense of braggadocio, but just as a mere matter of “ancient” history, and to give the present-day youngsters something to read and think about, viz.: that in the old days there were just as efficient and painstaking men who endeavored to lighten their labors as in this strenuous, efficiency-seeking day, and what is more, they “ got there.” I also recall the fact that when I tried to explain the method to others, some of them remarked that it was too much of an effort to always remember the correct transpositions, and that they would “ stick ” type in the old way, same as their grandfathers did. I have, in my time, worked out quite a few labor- saving “ stunts ” in the printing business, and have always found pleasure in simplifying the work, but the greatest trouble in putting them into practice was the fact that the men always complained about the necessity of using their brains too much to carry out the ideas. You know some men are “ mere machines,” and can do only what has been hammered into them. No initiative whatever. I recall that, about two years ago, I was doing a little experi¬ mental work along certain lines to make work easier, and one of my men made the remark: “ If this keeps up, you’ll have machines doing our thinking for us, and we’ll only have to watch the machines do the work.” Some people do not seem to appreciate any effort to lighten their labor.

J. D. M.

THE INLAND PRINTER

53

Compiled for The Inland Printer.

INCIDENTS IN FOREIGN GRAPHIC CIRCLES.

BY OCR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.

GREAT BRITAIN.

The members of its staff having entered the army, the Bicester Herald , Oxfordshire, has ceased publication, after sixty-two years’ existence.

On May 31 the number of the issue of the London Daily News was 22222, and on June 22 the issue of the London Evening News was numbered 11111.

Because of the paper shortage, and the war conditions in general, Process Work will, during the remaining time of the war, be published quarterly, instead of monthly.

Arthur Spurgeon, managing director of the Cassell publishing house, London, has been appointed a member of the Royal Commission on Paper and Papermaking Mate¬ rials.

As much as £5,000 was obtained from waste paper during the past financial year by the Cleaning and Light¬ ing Committee of the Edinburgh Town Council. This year the revenue from this source is likely to be less, as the Paper Commission has fixed a price for waste paper.

Of the employees of the Clarendon Press, Oxford, up to June last, 324 have joined the army. At last accounts twenty-two have died, at the front or elsewhere; nearly one hundred were wounded, of whom twenty-five have been discharged from service and have gone back to their old work with the Clarendon Press.

Printing-ink makers allow no slackening in their endeavors to overcome the shortage of raw material, in the shape of dies formerly obtained from Germany. Inquiry has shown that the dye-manufacturing trade in Germany is in a combine, and that the Government decides the prices. Profits are divided among the manufacturers, and losses are made good by the Government. It is generally believed that, unless a protective tariff be imposed, the newly organized British dye industry will have little chance for existence against the state-aided German industry.

The last half-yearly report of the Typographical Asso¬ ciation reports a decrease in membership of 276 during the previous half-year. Most of this number is due to the war, 181 being recorded as killed or as having died from wounds. The balance is accounted for by lack of new members, there being few apprentices as well as few young journeymen joining the association. The executive council has been busy with the relaxation of rules, and has been successful in staving off the introduction of the female compositor and pressminder. Considering the fact that the Typographical Association has one-fourth of its membership serving with the forces, and the consequent loss of 6,329 weekly dues payments, the report is pro¬ nounced a satisfactory one.

GERMANY.

Owing to the shortage of gold, there is a prohibition of the use of gold-leaf for bookbinding purposes, and the majority of the makers have suspended manufacture.

Judging from statistics in the recently issued edition for 1917 of the “ Handbook of German Newspapers,” the newspapers of the country are suffering rather heavily. The number of dailies has fallen since the previous year from 3,500 to 2,938, the remainder suspending publication permanently or for the duration of the war. The daily circulation of the papers seems to be maintained. Fifty- five dailies have a circulation up to 500 copies, while there are others with a circulation of over a quarter of a mil¬

lion. The low prices of German dailies appear to be kept up. There are only 805 the subscription price of which exceeds 2 marks (50 cents) per quarter, while 1,366 charge IV2 marks and less per quarter. The majority of the dailies (1,450) call themselves non-party papers, 479 are Conservative, 400 are Centrist (Catholic), 216 belong to the National Liberals, 277 are Radical and 70 are Socialist.

ITALY.

To save paper, the Government decrees that office and writing papers are to be sold in single sheets only, legal papers excluded; and posters larger than 12 inches square and all handbills and circulars are prohibited. Official publications are to be suspended or reduced wherever pos¬ sible. Magazines and reviews are to be reduced to one- fourth the size in use before June, 1915. Waste paper collected by the Red Cross Society has been put at the disposal of the Government, and 1,000 tons a month are turned over to the mills for remanufacture into news¬ print paper. A manufacturer recently wrote: “ For over two months not a pound of cellulose has arrived in Italy, and everything indicates that none will arrive for a long time to come. The only actual supplier of cellulose and mechanical pulp on our continent is Scandinavia, and the only quotations obtainable are f. o. b. shipping point. Shipment of pulp on contracts made some time ago are no longer being made from these ports. The few steamers that left before the blockade took refuge in other ports, and all things indicate that they are not willing to con¬ tinue their journey. For this reason it is impossible for our country to obtain cellulose now or in the future.”

RUSSIA.

As A result of the political changes in this country, authorities on paper believe that the pulp and paper indus¬ tries in Finland will shortly enter a new era of prosperity.

If we are to believe the somewhat fragmentary press dispatches, union printers had no little influence in the revolution in Russia. It is said that the night after the first outbreak all the newspaper printers quit work, so that the capital was without newspapers. This stopped the avenues of communication for the Government and made the dethronement of the Czar possible.

AUSTRALIA.

In South Australia a proposal has been put forward for the putting up of a mill to make paper and cardboard from cereal straw, large quantities of which are obtainable in that state, but are at present burned by the farmers. The Imperial Institute has supplied information about a new process for the production of paper from straw, to¬ gether with samples of paper produced by it, and the cost of the plant required.

SPAIN.

A royal order prohibits the exportation of all kinds of paper and board, with the exception of hand-made paper, paper cut into sheets for envelopes and writing- paper, cardboard shaped into boxes and other articles, straw packing paper and cigarette paper. The export embargo includes paper clippings, waste paper, rags, etc.

NORWAY.

The Tidens Tegn, one of the principal papers of this country, states that the expenditures for news-paper were: In 1914, $50,000; in 1915, $75,000, and in 1916, $110,000. The estimate for 1917 is $225,000.

SWEDEN.

The newspapers of this country have brought about an arrangement by which $60.75 per ton is to be paid for news-paper as a maximum price.

54

THE INLAND PRINTER

Written for The Inland Printer

PRINTING AND THE FOURTH LUTHERAN CENTENNIAL.

BY HENRY LEWIS BULLEN.

T was in 1517 that Martin Luther, on Octo¬ ber 13, nailed to the door of the church in Wittenberg the famous ninety-five theses denouncing the sale of indulgences. From this event the Reformation is dated, and this year in many Protestant communities throughout the world its fourth centenary will be celebrated. Printers are entitled to share in whatever glory attaches to the spread of Luther’s idea. Some weeks ago a member of the com¬ mittee which is arranging the celebrations in America visited the Typographic Library and Museum in Jersey

Johannes Lufit.

City to obtain such data as it might have “ relating to the influence of Lutheranism on Printing.” The gen¬ tleman was informed that his search should be for information “ relating to the influence of Printing on Lutheranism.” Undoubtedly the rapid spread of Luther’s ideas was due to the then new art of printing. There were reformers and protestants before Luther, such, for instance, as John Huss (1370-1415) and John Wyclif (1320-1384), men as ardent and as conscientious, whose efforts had a local and limited influence because there were no printers to aid them. Next then, we say, to Luther himself was the printer who with little less peril printed Luther’s theses and the first editions of his numer¬ ous works, including his translation of the Scriptures. Quite apart from theological considerations, Luther’s Bible, the first in the German language, was an event of great importance to the German people. It had great literary merit. Before it was put in the hands of the politically divided and oft-warring tribes of Germans, there was no standard of language in Germany. There were many jargons and dialects. A recognized authority, writing in 1860, said that “ Luther’s Bible created for the German people the unified language which for centuries has been the single bond of the politically rent and divided tribes.” The printer of this great work and other early works of Luther was Johannes Lufft, of Wittenberg, whose portrait we have found in a collection of one hun¬ dred and fifty full-page folio copperplate portraits of printers, printed, in three parts, in Nuremberg in . the

years 1726 to 1742. This collection, “ leones Bibliopo- larum et Typographorum,” issued by Frederic Roth- Scholtz, is very rare. The only copy in America is in the Typographic Library and Museum. In Bigmore and Wyman’s Bibliography this collection is stated to be “ an excessively interesting volume, which it is to be hoped will at some future time be reproduced for the benefit of typographic students who are not able to acquire so costly a collection.” Probably the portrait of Johannes Lufft therein is the only one in America, but now, thanks to Roth-Scholtz, whose admiration of the power of print¬ ing induced him to a great expenditure, we are able to exhibit to the readers of The Inland Printer the por¬ trait of the owner of the great typographic engine of the Reformation. Lufft, not unlike the embattled farmers at Concord bridge, fired the gun (with Luther’s powder) that has since then, more than any other, determined the conduct of men and the policy of nations. Printing is indeed the supreme engine of progress, and no great thing is done without its aid.

The good effects in a literary sense of Luther’s Bible were paralleled by the so-called King James version of the Bible used by English-speaking people. That also standardized a language theretofore lax in rules and prac¬ tice. We mention this for the purpose of showing those persons who look upon printers as mere “ hewers of wood and drawers of water ” for authors and publishers, that the standardization of the German and English languages depended upon the circulation of the standard among all the people. The work of Luther and the translation of the commonly used English version would have been just as scholarly and sublime if they had been embodied in a few hand-written copies. Their work would have been as water held in the clouds, if Printing had not afforded the means of releasing it in beneficent rain showers to fruc¬ tify millions of minds. All these translators, let us remember, received their learning from books made by printers. So true it is that our art holds the keys of learning, incomprehensible as that fact remains to those of us who rate printing with merely mechanical occupa¬ tions. Lift up your heads, ye printers!

LAST CHANCE TO PAY.

Here is an editor who admits that he expects to have to spend eternity in the same place where delinquent sub¬ scribers go. Hear him : “ Some one has got it all doped out that this world is going to end next Sunday; don’t make a mistake now, next Sunday. He got all of his fig¬ ures out of the Bible, so it is all true. In the meantime we want to advise any one who owes this paper anything to hustle around by Saturday at farthest and settle up, if such person wants to make his calling and election sure. Of course, if you wake up Monday and find you are still alive, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you don’t owe the paper a cent. Besides, we don’t want to spoil the pleasures of the next world by meeting any delinquent subscribers in it. We don’t want to make it embarrassing for them.”- — The Publishers’ Auxiliary.

It pays to take care of all the accessories in the printing-plant — even the sponge. To prevent this use¬ ful adjunct from becoming slimy and “ dead,” give it a bath once in a while in soapy water. After thoroughly forcing the water through the sponge several times, rinse it in clear water and let it dry over night. The sponge will be greatly rejuvenated by this treatment and will give much better service as a result. — R. E. Haynes.

THE INLAND PRINTER

55

PRESSROOM

The assistance of pressmen is desired in the solution of the problems of the pressroom in an endeavor to reduce the various

processes to an exact science.

Hand Bronzing Dangerous to Health.

(1887) A correspondent inquires if, on a long run, hand bronzing is dangerous to the health of the bronzers.

Answer. — On several occasions we have referred to the danger of hand bronzing unless provisions were made to prevent the inhalation of the metallic dust. This can be done by providing respirators for those directly engaged in the work. The respirators are fastened over the mouth and nostrils with an elastic band passed behind the head. The device contains a pad of gauze which effectually pre¬ vents any of the fine metal particles reaching the throat or air passages. They are quite inexpensive. They may be procured through any wholesale drug house. In addi¬ tion to the danger from inhalation of the metal, it is advisable to warn bronzers not to handle food unless the hands have first been washed.

The Care of Composition Rollers.

(1886) R. Dollahite, of Rockspring, Texas, makes the following suggestions regarding the care of composition rollers: “As all printers know, the condition of the press rollers is one of the most important points in the pro¬ duction of good printing. It took us a long time to learn just how to care for composition rollers. We first learned to wash them with gasoline. This proved a failure. Then we began running the rollers in lubricating oil when we would stop the press at quitting time. It took us several years to learn that this plan is also a failure, because the ink will dry under the oil. So far, the only way we know of that is a success is to take the rollers out of the press at quitting time. Then we put lubricating oil on an old rag and rub every particle of ink off the rollers. At the same time we make the ink on the disk thinner by the addition of lubricating oil and rub it off with a rag. You will find this way of caring for rollers more trouble than the others, but it pays to practice it when doing high-grade printing.”

What Is a “Biscuit” Overlay?

(1885) An Iowa publisher writes that he would like the formula for the “ biscuit ” overlay. On making fur¬ ther inquiries, he describes the overlay as follows : “ This

overlay is made on heavy paper, and is red in color. It looks as though an impression had been taken with heavy ink, offset on back side, and then sprinkled on both sides with flour or something of that sort. It appears to have been baked.”

Answer. — We think the description identifies it to be the ordinary flour overlay. The following description was published several years ago: “ Distribute some bookbind¬ ers’ black upon your job-press, but do not reduce it. Set the guides and take several impressions of your half-tone plate on onion-skin, French folio, or some other smooth, thin paper. Spread some ordinary flour smoothly upon a

board and lay the printed sheets face down upon it. Shake off the surplus flour and feed through the press again to the same guides, placing a sheet of paper over the print to prevent the flour adhering to the cut. Then lay the floured sheets upon a warm stove lid or other similar place to dry and bake the ink. Next, with your knife scrape away the flour from the high lights, after which coat each sheet with diluted mucilage. When dry, place in register upon your tympan, using one, two or three of the floured sheets, as the results require.”

More About the Working Loose of Tympan Bales.

Judging from the number of replies received, there must be a great many causes for the working loose of tympan bales on platen presses. The following additional letters have been received: Michael Carrigan, Madison, New Jersey, writes: “ In the matter relating to the work¬ ing loose of tympan bales, I would advise the pressman to have his forms locked considerably below the center of the chase, especially those which require a heavy im¬ pression. This will tend to keep the platen and bed firmly locked during the impression — it will prevent the tilting of the platen and the consequent drawing of the tympan from beneath the lower tympan bale, as is often the case when working heavy forms locked in the center of the chase (perpendicularly) on presses of the clam-shell type. This is sometimes due to the worn condition of the platen- lock (under feed-board), which fails to hold the platen in parallel alignment with the bed when the form is heavy and is not placed below the center of the chase.” Joseph M. Hibacek, St. Louis, Missouri, suggests that the press¬ man use more stretch sheets over his tympan so that the bales fit tighter. Also to see that his grippers do not touch too early on the upper end, as this will tend to draw upward on the top sheet. Charles R. Hager, Easton, Pennsylvania, offers the following suggestions regarding tympan bales: “I have noticed that when the tympan bales work loose it is usually because they are not prop¬ erly adjusted to the platen, being sprung out of shape. If they are removed and squared up at the corners and the curve taken out in the center it will invariably remedy the trouble.” The Model Printing Company, Glenside, Pennsylvania, suggests that “ the pressman may over¬ come the rising of the tympan bales by drilling a hole through each bale from the side about one-half inch from top and bottom edge of platen. Make the hole in the bale large enough for the shoulder of the screw and drill and tap the holes in the side of the platen to correspond. This plan is effectively used by the Miller Saw-Trimmer Com¬ pany on the presses using their self-feeding devices. This is a certain remedy for this trouble.” A Mobile, Ala¬ bama, pressman writes: “ In regard to article 1877, I will offer a suggestion as to the cause of tympan on a 10 by 15

56

THE INLAND PRINTER

platen press coming- up from bottom tympan bale. I think that the bale is sprung-, and, if so, would suggest that it be taken off and bent so it will hold the tympan tight all the way across. If this doesn’t help, attach a strip of emery cloth with fish-glue around the bale, or put a few nicks on the inside of bale with a center punch.” Alvin Ernest Mowrey, Franklin, Pennsylvania, suggests the fol¬ lowing: “ To the New Jersey pressman who complains of having trouble with the tympan working loose from the bottom tympan bale, I suggest that it is very likely due to the bale being spread or bent outward in the middle. It is a simple matter to remove the bale and have it straightened. The point of contact between the bale and tympan should not be tighter on the ends than in the mid¬ dle. If anything, the middle can stand being a little more snug, because the middle is where the bale has a tendency to spring outward.”

Slurring on News and Job Forms.

(1884) A Canadian publisher submits a copy of his newspaper and specimens of railroad blanks. All of the samples show slurring at one point or another. He writes as follows: “ I am having considerable difficulty with

slurring, and submit specimens printed on a — - press,

six-column quarto, on which we also print our paper. Real¬ izing that slurring is frequently caused by a loose tympan, I have been particularly careful to have it perfectly tight, and have renewed it, with no appreciable difference. You will notice the same peculiarity in all specimens, that the slurring is in the center of the type-matter. In Form 26, a heavy impression, almost amounting to embossing, elim¬ inated the slur to some extent, but it was, of course, impos¬ sible to run the job that way. Notice the difference between exhibits one and two of that form. We print numerous forms for the railroad, often running into the tens of thou¬ sands, and it is causing some anxiety, as the purchasing agent is particular with the work. Everything that I can think of to solve this problem has been tried without suc¬ cess, and I would be very grateful if you can clear up the difficulty. Am enclosing a proof of our paper, turned through the same press by hand, on which you will notice that the edge opposite to the feed edge is slurred. When turning through a proof, just before the paper completes its journey, and as the delivery grippers are about to grab the sheet, it seems to be under a great strain. This is not noticeable when power is on, and the slur to a great extent disappears. What are the cause and remedy? Is a rubber blanket the correct foundation for a tympan on a press of this type? If not, what is? Should the impression screws be adjusted in order to alter the tympan for different kinds of work? It seems to me that this type of press does not lend itself to a quick change of tympan when altering from newspaper to job work, other than by altering the screws.”

Answer. — The slurring is probably caused by lack of close contact between the cylinder and bed bearers. As the press is used for both newspaper and job work, we believe you can improve the printing of the paper and the railroad blanks by not using a rubber blanket as a base for your tympan. Also, when you have the right amount of tympan on your cylinder you should not alter the im¬ pression screws. Keep the cylinder down tight on the bed bearers so there can be no slipping, and you will at once prevent slurring. Your tympan may be made up as fol¬ lows: (1) base sheet of hard packing-board; (2) cover pressboard with a piece of unbleached muslin, drawn tight; (8) cover the fabric with a sheet of hard manila, oiled on both sides; (4) a number of sheets of news-print; (5) a

sheet of hard, smooth manila. You will note that No. 4 is an uncertain amount of news-print paper. The right amount will be sufficient to bring the packing up even with the cylinder-bearers. Lay a column-rule across the tym¬ pan and bearers to determine the amount needed. When you have the right amount on, and also the top sheet of manila, place a newspaper form on the press and a strip of thin paper on each bed-bearer, which must be free from oil. Turn the press until the cylinder is on the impression in the center of the page; be certain it is not in white space between pages. Try drawing out the narrow strips on cylinder bearers. If you find that the strips can be drawn out, turn the press off the impression and turn down the impression screws on both sides. Repeat the former test, bringing the cylinder around again on the impression and drawing out strips of paper. When you finally have the impression so that the strips will not draw out, you have the proper contact between cylinder and bed bearers. Pull an impression on paper and observe the way it prints. If it is not clear enough, the addition of one or two sheets more of print-paper will make it print better. You should avoid changing the impression screws thereafter. When more or less impression is desired, add or take away the sheets of print-paper under the top sheet. The railroad blanks may be printed without undue slurring by using a few sheets of book or flat paper or a few sheets of hard manila under the top sheet, and by removing a corre¬ sponding number of soft news sheets. The hard packing can be secured from your paper-dealer. If you can not secure the hard packing, use a tympan of hard manila covered with muslin, and about six or eight news sheets and a top sheet of hard manila.

An “Inland Printer” Enthusiast

Elmer Arthur Peterson, Jr., seven-months-old son of Elmer A. Peterson, assistant to manager of circulation and book departments of The Inland Printer.

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THE INLAND PRINTER

57

UY S. H. IIORGAN.

Queries regarding process engraving, and suggestions and experiences of engravers and printers, are solicited for this department. Our technical research laboratory is prepared to investigate and report on matters submitted. For terms for this service address The Inland Printer Company.

Keep Chemicals Under Lock and Key.

Not only because chemicals have become so costly, but for sanitary and any number of reasons, processworkers’ chemicals should be kept in a dark closet in a cool, dry place, and locked up. There is much evaporation and waste in permitting chemicals to be kept promiscuously on the top shelf of a hot darkroom. Ether, ammonia, alcohol and other volatile liquids should be on the floor in a cool place. It is a good plan to dip corks in melted paraffin before restoring them to bottles so as to make them air-tight. Our women folk, in the sealing and keep¬ ing of preserve jars, can give us pointers on the keeping of chemicals.

Ectypography.

J. P. Murray, San Francisco, writes : “ I have a cus¬ tomer whom I want to favor with little jobs entirely out of my line. He wants certain names set in a bold gothic type, transferred to zinc and etched so that the letters are raised. Can this be done? ”

Answer. — This is one of the oldest of relief-engraving processes. It is called “ Ectypography,” with the accent on the “ pog.” The method is simply to take impressions from your type in a good lithographic-transfer ink on thin lithographic-transfer paper. Have a perfectly clean sheet of zinc ready and transfer the ink to the zinc, dust the transferred letters immediately with powdered resin, asphalt or dragon’s-blood powder. Heat the zinc until the ink melts and absorbs the powder, then all that is necessary is to etch the zinc until the letters are in relief. All of which appears simple, but you had better get a photoengraver to assist you or you will fail to get results.

Saving lodin and Other Chemicals.

“Employer,” New York, asks: “Next to nitrate of silver, the most expensive chemicals we have are iodin, iodid of potassium and cyanid. All three of these are used in what my photographers call ‘ cutting solution.’ When I have seen them use it they seem to have no care as to how much they use, for they let much of it run away in the sink. Is there not some way to conserve these expensive chemicals?”

Answer. — In this department for August, 1906, page 719, an inexpensive “ cutting solution,” or reducer, as it should be called, was described. It is too long to reprint here, but it will be copied and mailed for $1. The trouble is that photoengravers make up this expensive reducer without regard to proper proportions, and consequently there is much waste. This same reducer is used by the makers of bromid enlargements and one of them gives this advice in The British Journal of Photography as to preparing the solution most economically: To make up one ounce of a 10 per cent solution of iodin, weigh 45

grains of iodin on a watch crystal, in the scales, as iodin will attack anything but glass. Weigh out 60 grains of potassium iodid, put it in a glass mortar or graduate and pour half a dram of water over it; stir with a glass rod until nearly all the iodid is dissolved, then add the iodin and stir. The iodin crystals should dissolve immediately. If they do not, stir and then add water drop by drop until they do. Once the iodin is dissolved, water can then be added without danger of precipitating the iodin. Now this is the stock solution of iodin made with the least quantity possible of potassium iodid. A saturated solu¬ tion potassium cyanid can also be kept on hand so that by mixing small quantities of both and diluting, the reduc¬ ing solution can be made. The latter can be conserved by a careful operator or wasted by a careless one.

Preserving Sensitized Metal Plates.

R. de Barrios, New Orleans, writes: “ I want to know if there is any way of sensitizing metal plates with bi- chromatized glue at night, for instance, so they can be printed upon the following day. I have tried it and find that metal plates if sensitized for only twelve hours will either not develop at all or develop with a thick scum. I want this information for a special purpose, and if I suc¬ ceed in what I am doing will let you know about it for publication in your valuable paper.”

Answer. — The writer experimented on the preserva¬ tion of bichromatized gelatin films and succeeded in pre¬ serving photolithographic paper for a few days, but it is so long ago he has forgotten just how he did it. These can be taken as facts to begin with : Heat, humidity and an excess of bichromate will bring on insolubility of the glue without the action of light, so that to preserve sen¬ sitized metal plates the least amount of bichromate should be used and the plates should be kept in a cool place away from moisture. An air tight box in which dried calcium chlorid would be kept with the sensitized plates should preserve them for a time. Or, blotters saturated with calcium chlorid or ammonium carbonate and then dried in an oven could be used to pack between the sensitized metal plates when storing them in a dry, dark room. These are suggestions for the direction in which experi¬ menting might be begun in the matter.

Rotary Photogravure or Offset for Newspapers.

“ Publisher,” Chicago, appeals to The Inland Printer to help him out. He has been importuned by different solicitors as to the merits of both “ gravure ” and offset supplements and he has also tried to keep track of the progress made by those two methods himself, but he can not decide the question. He wants to adopt the method that promises reliability, and gives the better results

58

THE INLAND PRINTER

through economy in the paper cost, and production must also be considered. In other words, which method prom¬ ises to be the one possessing the greater advantages for newspaper supplements?

Answer. — The proper reply to this question is of inter¬ est not only to newspaper publishers but to the workmen who are undecided as to whether photogravure or offset promises the better future for them, and it might be said that both methods depend largely on the skill of the work¬ men, and the reason they have not progressed faster is due largely to the lack of skilled workmen. The Inland Printer, in December, 1908, printed the first article on photogravure and has told of its progress ever since. Off¬ set printing has also been followed from its inception. In fact, covers have been printed in that way for several months to exhibit offset printing at its best. This depart¬ ment has held that offset printing is a chemical process due to the repulsion of water for grease. Rotary photo¬ gravure is a mechanical printing method and will con¬ sequently be more reliable than offset printing. It has also been held by this department that only cheap news print paper is required for rotary photogravure. All of which has been borne out by the New York Times experi¬ ences. They put in offset presses nearly two years ago, but failed to get results. They have now tried printing rotary photogravure on news print for their Sunday mag¬ azine supplements and it is a great success. There is a new web perfecting offset press being built that may give even better results, so it is too early to give a decision.

Replies to a Few Queries.

“Etcher,” Atlanta: You can not get fish-glue in dry form. The article your dealer sold you as fish-glue is most likely isinglass, which will not make as good an enamel as fish-glue, which comes liquid like molasses.

E. J. P., Camden, New Jersey: You spelled it “ Ben¬ zene ” on your order and the chemical supply house sent you “ benzol,” which is, of course, more expensive than “ benzine.” It is benzine you need to dissolve rubber gum.

Joseph Cullen, Philadelphia: As you can not get potassium cyanid, use sodium cyanid — and if that is out of reach you can use a strong solution of hypo to fix your negatives.

“Lantern,” Pawtucket, Rhode Island: Sorry I can not direct you to where you can get a cheap bromide paper for enlargements. The best is usually the cheapest.

“ Lichtdruck,” Hoboken, New Jersey: You can work the collotype process best in this country west of the Alle- ghanies. You require a regular amount of moisture in the workrooms, as registered by hygrometers, and this can be maintained anywhere as is now done in tobacco store¬ houses and woolen mills.

“ Publisher,” Boston: Write to The Typolith Company, Battle Creek, Michigan, and that firm will tell you just how the half-tone on antique stock was printed tha't you saw in these pages.

American Institute of Graphic Arts Program.

The American Institute of Graphic Arts, with head¬ quarters in the National Arts Club, New York city, has, under the presidency of Arthur S. Allen, decided for the coming season to give one of the directors charge of each lecture meeting. The chairmen and the subjects discussed for the coming seven months will be as follows:

October, J. Thomson Willing, chairman, “ Lithography and Its Present Developments”; November, Fred W. Goudy, chairman, “Type-Faces”; December, J. Thomson Willing, chairman, “Book Making — Illustrating”; Jan¬ uary, Edward B. Edwards, chairman, “ Design”; Febru¬

ary, Ray Greenleaf, chairman, “Poster Art”; March, William E. Rudge, chairman, “Photography”; April, Hal Marchbanks, chairman, “ Catalogues and Booklets.”

Stripping and Reversing Negative Films.

From the Eastman Kodak Company, of New Jersey, comes a booklet advertising some of their products under the title “ Collodion,” etc. In the letter accompanying the booklet they request that their service department, where they teach “ practical short cuts ” through operations, be mentioned. Here is one of their “ short cuts ” for strip¬ ping a negative, taken from the booklet:

After a negative is dry, coated with a rubber film and then with stripping collodion and